中国化学快报

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Asymmetric Büchner reaction and arene cyclopropanation via copper-catalyzed controllable cyclization of diynes

Yi-Kao Xu, Guo-Ping Luo, Liang-Bin Hu, Wei-Min He

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111226

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Visible light-induced deuteration of arenes via thianthrenation

Jia Peng, Guo-Ping Luo, Chao Wu, Congyang Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111255

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The role of oceanic carbon pumps in Earth's climate system: Impact and feedback under climate change

Dongping Song, Tao Tu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111300

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The recent progress of transition metal dichalcogenides-based photothermal materials for solar water generation

Chen Gu, Huacao Ji, Keyu Xu, Jianmei Chen, Kang Chen, Junan Pan, Ning Sun, Longlu Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110565

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At present, many parts of the world are seriously short of water resources. Photothermal seawater desalination has been considered to be an efficient and clean way to solve water shortages. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has excellent photothermal properties and plays a key role in photothermal seawater desalination. In recent years, a lot of progress has been made regarding TMDs in photothermal seawater desalination, so it is necessary to review the progress of TMDs structure regulation in improving photothermal properties to further enhance the development of this filed. In this review, firstly, various structural regulation methods of TMDs to optimize its properties and improve the performance of photothermal seawater desalination are comprehensively summarized. Secondly, the relationship between unique structure and its photothermal properties of TMDs is further detailedly discussed. Last but not least, we have provided some suggestions in the solar desalination applying TMDs in future. This review would provide a very important reference for the research of structure regulation of TMDs for effective photothermal seawater desalination.

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Synergistic effect in enhancing treatment of micro-pollutants by ferrate and carbon materials: A review

Xin Dai, Tong Liu, Ye Du, Jie-Yu Cao, Zhong-Juan Wang, Jie Li, Peng Zhou, Heng Zhang, Bo Lai

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110548

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Ferrate [Fe(VI)] has demonstrated its efficacy as a potent oxidizing agent in the treatment of wastewater, showcasing its potential for application in environmental remediation. The self-decomposition of Fe(VI) results in the formation of Fe(IV)/Fe(V), which exhibits remarkable reactivity and selectivity towards the degradation of electron-rich micro-pollutants. Here we presented a comprehensive review on the removal of micro-pollutants in Fe(VI)/carbon materials (CMs) systems, encompassing an analysis of the oxidation mechanism and mutual activation, thereby providing guidance for the efficient elimination of recalcitrant micro-pollutants. The combnation of Fe(VI) and CMs can significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of various pollutants, with an increase ranges from 30% to 70%. The rate constants for pseudo-first order reactions were increased ranging from 3 to 14 times, while the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate was effectively doubled. The presence of active species, including hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radical and Fe(IV)/Fe(V) generated by Fe(VI) and CMs, can significantly enhance the oxidation efficiency of micro-pollutants which are not easily degraded solely by Fe(VI) or CMs. Furthermore, Fe(VI) can enhance the surface area and void volume of CMs, thereby reinforcing the adsorption capacity towards micro-pollutants.

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Machine learning in electrochemical oxidation process: A mini-review

Zonglin Li, Shihua Zou, Zining Wang, Georgeta Postole, Liang Hu, Hongying Zhao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110526

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In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated a strong ability to solve highly complex and non-linear problems by analyzing large datasets and learning their intrinsic patterns and relationships. Particularly in chemical engineering and materials science, ML can be used to discover microstructural composition, optimize chemical processes, and create novel synthetic pathways. Electrochemical processes offer the advantages of precise process control, environmental friendliness, high energy conversion efficiency and low cost. This review article provides the first systematic summary of ML in the application of electrochemical oxidation, including pollutant removal, battery remediation, substance synthesis and material characterization prediction. Hot trends at the intersection of ML and electrochemical oxidation were analyzed through bibliometrics. Common ML models were outlined. The role of ML in improving removal efficiency, optimizing experimental conditions, aiding battery diagnosis and predictive maintenance, and revealing material characterization was highlighted. In addition, current issues and future perspectives were presented in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of ML algorithms applied to electrochemical oxidation. In order to further support the sustainable growth of electrochemistry from basic research to useful applications, this review attempts to make it easier to integrate ML into electrochemical oxidation.

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Adsorption of heavy metals with hyper crosslinked polymers: Progress, challenges and perspectives

Hui Liu, Baoying Xiao, Yaming Zhao, Wei Wang, Qiong Jia

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110619

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Heavy metal pollution poses serious risks to the human health and the natural environment, and there is an urgent need to develop efficient heavy metal removal technologies. The adsorption strategy is one of the most famous strategies for the capture of heavy metal ions. In recent years, hyper crosslinked polymers (HCPs), a kind of hyper crosslinked porous material prepared by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, have attracted more and more attention because of their advantages of ultra-light framework, wide range of building monomers, easy modification and functionalization. This review focuses on the advances of HCPs in the efficient applications to the removal of heavy metal ions. The fundamentals are presented including physicochemical properties, adsorption mechanism, and preparation strategies. Subsequently, the application and influencing factors of HCPs toward heavy metal ion adsorption are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges of HCPs in this promising research field are summarized and anticipated. We are convinced that the advanced HCP-based materials will make further contributions to heavy metal removal in wastewater treatment, further paving the way of advancing researches in this field.

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BODIPY photosensitizers for antibacterial photodynamic therapy

Yuyao Guan, Baoting Yu, Jun Ding, Tingting Sun, Zhigang Xie

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110645

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Bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health and entail substantial economic losses. Due to the broad-spectrum antibacterial effect and low susceptibility to drug resistance, photodynamic therapy (PDT), a nontraditional antibacterial approach, has garnered a lot of attention. In PDT, the selection of photosensitizer (PS) is crucial because it directly affects the efficiency and safety of the treatment. As a versatile fluorophore, the advantages of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) used as a PS for antibacterial PDT are mainly reflected in its high quantum yield of singlet oxygen, easy modification, and exceptional photostability. Through strategic chemical modifications of the BODIPY structures, it is possible to enhance their photodynamic antibacterial activity and refine their selectivity for bacterial killing. This review focuses on the application of BODIPY-based PSs for treating bacterial infections. According to the design strategies of photodynamic antibacterial materials incorporating BODIPY, a variety of representative therapeutic agents having emerged in recent years are classified and discussed, aiming to offer insights for future research and development in this field.

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Stem cell-based hydrogel for the repair and regeneration of cartilage

Zeyang Yao, Xinru You, Xudong Wang, Yunze Kang, Liying Wang, Ziji Zhang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110607

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Repairing and regenerating cartilage defects in osteoarthritis patients remains challenging. Traditional treatments primarily offer symptom relief without addressing the underlying progression of the disease. Stem cell therapies provide a promising solution, yet they face limitations such as short retention times, low survival rates in vivo, and insufficient extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Stem cell-based hydrogel therapy offers a controlled microenvironment that can mitigate these challenges and enhance cell therapy effectiveness. This review evaluates the advantages and limitations of various stem cell types and hydrogel materials, summarizing recent advances in their combination for cartilage repair. The potential of stem cell-hydrogel therapies is highlighted, along with the remaining challenges and future directions for improving their clinical application.

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The mechanisms of interaction between biomaterials and cells/cellular microenvironment and the applications in neural injuries

Wenya Chi, Ruiyao Liu, Wenbo Zhou, Weilin Li, Yuan Yu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110587

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Neural injuries can be induced by various neurological disorders and traumas, such as brain and spinal cord injuries, cerebrovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Due to the designable physicochemical properties, biomaterials are applied for various purposes in neural repair, including promoting axonal regeneration, reducing glial scar formation, delivering drugs, and providing temporary mechanical support to the injured tissue. They need to match the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, support three-dimensional (3D) cell growth, repair the cellular microenvironment, mimic the tissue's biomechanical forces, and possess biodegradability and plasticity suitable for local intracavity applications. Meanwhile, functionalized biomaterials have been conducted to mimic the structural components of cellular ecological niches and the specific functions of the ECM. They can be engineered to carry a variety of bioactive components, such as stem cells and extracellular vesicles, which are used in neuroscience-related tissue engineering. Researchers also have developed biomaterial-based brain-like organs for high-throughput drug screening and pathological mechanistic studies. This review will discuss the interactions between biomaterials and cells, as well as the advances in neural injuries and engineered microtissues.

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The double-sided roles of difluorooxalatoborate contained electrolyte salts in electrochemical energy storage devices: A review

Jiayu Li, Binli Wang, Yu Luo, Hongyu Wang, Lei Zhang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110220

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In the realm of advanced electrochemical energy storage, the study of diverse electrolyte salts as integral components of electrolyte engineering has garnered immense attention. Notably, lithium di(fluoro)oxalateborate (LiDFOB) as the representative DFOB^- contained electrolyte salts, which possesses structural attributes resembling both lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄), has garnered significant attention initially as a classical additive for the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films in graphite anodes. However, its unique properties have also piqued interest in other battery components, encompassing current collectors, capacity-enhanced cathodes or anodes, polymer solid-state electrolytes, and the full batteries. The introduction of LiDFOB or NaDFOB into these batteries exhibits a dual-faceted effect, with the beneficial aspect outweighing the potential drawbacks. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the research advancements surrounding LiDFOB, including the synthesis techniques of LiDFOB, the inherent properties of LiDFOB and LiDFOB-based electrolyte solutions, and the impact of LiDFOB on the performance of traditional graphite anodes, capacity-enlarged anodes, various classic cathodes, and the full batteries. And sectional content is about the usage of NaDFOB in Na-ion batteries. This review aims to aid readers in understanding the pivotal role of LiDFOB and NaDFOB as a constituent of electrolytes and how its utilization can influence electrode materials and other components, ultimately altering the electrochemical energy storage device's performance.

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Manufacturing process of MOF-based separator for lithium sulfur batteries: A mini review

Xing Gao, Luofeng Wang, Jia Cheng, Jialiang Zhao, Xueli Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110247

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Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with three-dimensional porous network structure. They are obtained by self-assembly of coordinate bond with metal ions as the nodes and organic ligands as the connecting chains. MOFs have attracted extensive attention from researchers over the years due to their clear pore and rich topological structure. As the typical powder materials, a specific separator manufacturing process must be possessed when incorporating MOFs into lithium sulfur batteries separator. This mini review summarized the manufacturing process of MOFs separator for LSBs in recent years, and summed up the effects and mechanisms of separators prepared by various separator-forming processes on the performance of LSBs, the potential for industrialization of different separator manufacturing processes is also mentioned briefly.

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Revolutionizing cancer therapies with organic photovoltaic non-fullerene acceptors: A deep dive into molecular engineering for advanced phototheranostics

Yaojun Li, Yun Li, Shenglong Liao, Yang Li, Shouchun Yin

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110832

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The integration of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in oncology has given rise to phototheranostics, a field that combines the precision of imaging with the selectivity of light-activated treatments. Due to their pronounced near-infrared (NIR) absorption, tunable molecular structures, and commendable stability, organic photovoltaic non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) represent a promising frontier in cancer management. Despite the great potential of NFAs in phototheranostics, there is currently a lack of systematic reviews in this field. This review provides a meticulous examination of the current state of NFAs in the field of phototheranostics, highlighting the strategic approaches to spectral red-shifting that enhance tissue penetration and therapeutic efficacy. It dissects the link between molecular architecture and performance across key therapeutic and diagnostic modalities, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and fluorescence imaging (FLI). In addition, the review presents a concise analysis of the challenges and milestones in the clinical translation of NFAs, offering insights into the innovations required to overcome existing barriers.

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Recent advances in conductive MOF-based electrochemical sensors

Huili Zhao, Xiao Tan, Huining Chai, Lin Hu, Hongbo Li, Lijun Qu, Xueji Zhang, Guangyao Zhang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110571

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Electrochemical sensors, with their outstanding sensitivity, excellent selectivity, ease of operation, and lower manufacturing costs, have found widespread applications in fields such as disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. In the development of sensing materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a research hotspot due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and high designability. Recently, conductive metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have brought innovative opportunities to the field of electrochemical sensing, attributing to their remarkable capabilities in catalysis, electron transport, and signal amplification. This review summarizes the significant progress of CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensing. Firstly, the design and synthesis strategies for CMOFs used in electrochemical sensing are explored, including enhancing the electrochemical properties of MOFs through precise design of different metal nodes and ligands or via post-synthetic modification techniques, covering Cu-based CMOFs, Ni-based CMOFs, Fe-based CMOFs, and CMOF composites. Furthermore, this article elaborately discusses the breakthrough achievements of electrochemical sensors based on CMOFs in applications such as the determination of inorganic ions, detection of organic pollutants, and recognition of gases and biomolecules, and introduces the principles of electrochemical sensing methods and the role of CMOFs in enhancing the performance of electrochemical sensors. Finally, this review analyzes the main challenges currently faced by CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensors and offers perspectives on their future development. These challenges mainly include stability, selectivity, production costs, and the realization of their large-scale application. CMOFs provide new ideas and material platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors. As researchers deepen their understanding of their properties and technological advances continue, the application prospects of CMOF-based electrochemical sensors will be even broader.

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AuNP@DNA nanoflares: Preparation and application in bioanalysis and biomedicine

Le Yang, Hongye Wei, Zhihe Qing, Linlin Wu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110524

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DNA probes display advantages including flexible design, wide range of targets and high selectivity, but free DNA probes are confined to in vitro detection due to their poor cell penetration and low nuclease resistance. Nanomaterials-loaded DNA probes can effectively solve above limitations and promote them in vivo applications. Gold nanoparticles-based probes have been intensely investigated in the past, and AuNP@DNA nanoflare as one of the most powerful tools for biomedical study has been developed. So far, towards AuNP@DNA nanoflare, significant advances in preparation (e.g., salt-aging, low pH-assisted and freezing-directed linking) and application (e.g., sensing and therapeutic nanoflares) have been achieved since first report. In addition, scientific challenges involved in AuNP@DNA nanoflares have been concerned and some endeavor has been made recently. Here, a historical review is provided for AuNP@DNA nanoflares: methodology in preparation and applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine are delineated, challenges and outlook are also discussed, which are expected to improve the further development of this fertile research area.

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Site-specific protein labeling: Recent progress

Yiming Ma, Yuanbo Wang, Fang Wang, Sheng Lu, Xiaoqiang Chen

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110546

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Site-specific protein labeling plays important roles in drug discovery and illuminating biological processes at the molecular level. However, it is challenging to label proteins with high specificity while not affecting their structures and biochemical activities. Over the last few years, a variety of promising strategies have been devised that address these challenges including those that involve introduction of small-size peptide tags or unnatural amino acids (UAAs), chemical labeling of specific protein residues, and affinity-driven labeling. This review summarizes recent developments made in the area of site-specific protein labeling utilizing genetically encoding- and chemical-based methods, and discusses future issues that need to be addressed by researchers in this field.

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The strategy to improve the brightness of organic small-molecule fluorescent dyes for imaging

Junliang Zhou, Tian-Bing Ren, Lin Yuan

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110644

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Organic small molecule fluorophores have been widely used in biology and biochemistry to study cellular structures and processes at high spatial and temporal resolution. Small-molecule dyes offer various benefits, such as high photostability, low molecular weight, and great biocompatibility. However, the poor brightness of most of conventional dyes in biological environments limits their use in high-quality super-resolution fluorescence imaging. Chemists have conceived and developed many methods to enhance the brightness of fluorophores, including structural alterations that raise extinction coefficients and quantum yields. This review outlines current attempts and substantial advances achieved by chemists to improve the brightness of organic small-molecule fluorescent dyes, such as scaffold rigidification and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) inhibition. We think that this review will help researchers understand the chemical mechanisms involved in increasing the brightness of fluorophores for biological applications.

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A comprehensive review on the scalable and sustainable synthesis of covalent organic frameworks

Yujie Wang, Haoran Wang, Yanni Liu, Manhua Peng, Hongwei Fan, Hong Meng

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110189

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a burgeoning class of crystalline porous materials have attracted widespread interest due to their designable structures and customized functions. However, the solvothermal synthesis of COFs is often time-consuming and conducted at a high temperature within a sealed vessel, and also requires a large amount of poisonous solvents, which is generally not available for scaling-up production and commercial application. In recent years, great efforts have been made to explore simple, green, and efficient approaches for COFs synthesis. In this comprehensive review, we summarized the advances in emergent strategies by highlighting their distinct features. Fundamental issues and future directions are also discussed with the object of bringing implications for large-scale and sustainable fabrication of COFs.

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Applications of luminescent metal-organic frameworks as pioneering biosensors for biological and chemical detection

Xinhui Fang, Xinrui Wang, Bin Ding

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110453

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Biological sensing technology plays a crucial role in various key areas such as disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and biotechnology. Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs), with their remarkable advantages including large surface area, customizable pore structures, and highly active functional sites, have emerged as a frontier in biosensor research. This review clarifies the potential of LMOFs in biological sensing applications, with particular emphasis on their efficient performance in detecting amino acids, biomarkers, and drugs, explore the possibility of integrating LMOFs with portable analytical techniques, providing an innovative perspective for advancing luminescence detection technology. Some effective characterization methods to encode these sensing mechanisms including Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and thermally activated energy back transfer (BENT) highlighted their connection and difference. Finally, the article summarizes the achievements of LMOFs in biological sensing and provides a perspective on future research directions and potential applications, aiming to propel the continuous development of this field.

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Physicochemical design of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids

Jing Liu, Ming Li, Jian Zhang, Xinyu Li, Yuqing Zheng, Xu Hou

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111206

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Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields, such as the chemical industry, biomedicine, and agricultural production. Magnetic actuation, characterized by rapid, contactless, and environmentally benign operation, has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control. However, conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces, facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes, uncertain flow paths, and inevitable evaporation, thereby constraining their broader practical applications. Recently, a variety of magnetic-driven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces, especially through physicochemical mechanisms. These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes, structural deformations, and dragging motions, opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management. This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids, highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves, liquid mixing, liquid flow regulation, and liquid pumping. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.

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Tailoring mass transfer on electrochemical fixation of air-abundant molecules

Xiaoyu Du, Huan Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110276

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Electrochemical reduction of air-abundant molecules (e.g., CO₂, N₂, and O₂) offers a sustainable solution to address global energy and environmental challenges, where high current density and energy efficiency are highly desirable. However, commercially-relevant current density will cause dramatic change of cation, solvent, pH, and reactant molecular distribution near electrode, resulting in severe concentration polarization and sluggish reaction kinetics. In this case, mass transfer such as molecule migration pathway in electrolytes, electrodes, and devices need to be rationally designed and systematically optimized. Here this review will present a systematical introduction on regulating mass transfer on electrochemical fixation of air-abundant molecules. We firstly discuss the fundamental mass transport from bulk electrolyte to catalyst surface and within electric double layer (EDL) and review the recent advances in regulating mass transport behaviors and optimizing strategy of mass transfer on the catalytic surface. Then we compare the mass transport differences among different cell architectures combining with innovative prospect for transfer pathway towards breaking natural limitation of gas solubility over electroactive interfaces. It is expected that this review can inspire research on comprehensive understanding of fundamental mass transport mechanism at catalyst/electrolyte interface and shed light on optimizing the catalytical device towards practical application for electrochemical fixation of air-abundant molecules.

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Selenium and Alzheimer's disease

Jiajie Gu, Jiaxiang Gu, Lei Yu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110727

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Selenium is an essential trace element for human beings and it plays a significant role for the health of human nervous system. The strong antioxidant effect of selenium endows the element with the ability to treat various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the body, selenium exists in the forms of selenoproteins, which could treat AD through various pathways, such as inhibiting peroxidation, inhibiting apoptosis signal pathway, reducing the levels of Aβ in neurons and alleviating Tau protein caused by pathological damage. This article aims to comprehensively elaborate on the relationship between selenium and AD.

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Pyridazine: A privileged scaffold in the development of 21^st-century pesticides

Chao Chen, Wang Geng, Ke Li, Qiong Lei, Zhichao Jin, Xiuhai Gan

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110902

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Pyridazine has garnered increasing attention as a privileged scaffold and bioisosterism in drug discovery due to its unique structural characteristics. It can serve as a hydrogen bond acceptor when interacting with receptors due to its two adjacent nitrogen atoms. Upon conversion to pyridazinone, it exhibits the ability to act as both a hydrogen bond acceptor and donor, showcasing its versatility. This inherent flexibility has prompted extensive research exploring its bioactivity in pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In order to promote the development of pyridazine-based pesticides, this review provides a comprehensive summary of advancements for pyridazine-based pesticides on herbicidal (36.9%), insecticidal (26.2%), antifungal and antibacterial (24.6%), plant growth regulatory (10.8%), and antiviral activities (1.5%) from 2000 to 2024. It serves as an invaluable reference and source of inspiration for agricultural scientists conducting future research.

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Expeditious synthesis and applications of isoquinoline ring-modified Quinap derivatives

Guodong Wang, Mengying Jia, Haitao Liu, Yong Liu, Zhiguo Zhang, Xianxiu Xu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110705

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A wide range of isoquinoline ring-modified Quinap oxides with different steric and electronic variations have been constructed through a palladium-catalyzed imidoylative cyclization of arylethenyl isocyanides with 2-diphenylphosphinyl-1-naphthyl bromides. The Pd-catalysis plays dual roles in the formation of both axial C–C bond and isoquinoline ring. This de novo synthetic strategy features good functional group tolerance, high yields and easy scale-up, providing Quinap derivatives with substitution patterns that could not be obtained using coupling reactions. Chiral ligands 7 and 12 can be readily prepared by transformation of the resulting Quinap oxide to their BINOL esters, and have been proven to be superb chiral ligands for the copper-catalyzed enantioselective A³-coupling and alkynylation of quinoline reactions. In general, the enantioselectivies obtained using ligands 7 and 12 are excellent, and the ee values are higher than those using Quinap as ligand, even three times higher in some cases. Mechanism studies revealed that a monomeric copper(I) complex bearing a single chiral ligand was formed and served as the catalytically active species.

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Glycosyl N-phenyl pentafluorobenzimidates as a new generation of imidate donors for catalytic glycosylation

Xin Zhou, Guangyao Liu, Meifang Yang, Mengyu Li, Xiaodi Yang, Weiliang Gu, Yitian Zhao, Houchao Tao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110734

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Glycosyl imidates are among the pioneering donors for catalytic glycosylation. We report a new generation of imidates featuring the presence of a pentafluorophenyl group, introduced via substitution on imidoyl fluoride which is easily prepared, stable and user-friendly. The resulting donors exhibit exceptional shelf stability while can be readily activated to achieve high-yielding glycosylation, encompassing comprehensively aldosyl, ketosyl and ulosonyl donors, and both O- and N-glycosylation acceptors. Notably, the reactivity gradient across different generations of imidates, coupled with the accessible imidate acceptor from selective reaction of imidoyl fluoride at the anomeric hydroxyl group, enables a fully catalytic one-pot synthesis of oligosaccharides.

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Synthesis of rigidified cyclohexanes enabled by visible-light-induced trifluoroacetylsilane-mediated [2 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclopropenes

Meixin Wang, Yizhi Zhang, Shanshan Liu, Xiao Shen

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110758

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Imposing conformational constraints on sp³-rich structures is emerging as an important strategy for structural modification and optimization, which can improve the bioactivity of drugs. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced photosensitized [2 + 2] homo-cycloaddition and cross-cycloaddition of cyclopropenes to synthesize tricyclo[3.1.0.0^2,4]hexanes as rigidified 3,3,6,6-tetrasubstituted cyclohexanes. Trifluoroacetylsilanes, previously known as trifluoromethyl siloxycarbene precursors, were used as photocatalysts for the first time. The mechanism study supports that the aggregation of cyclopropenes is important to promote their sensitization by trifluoroacetylsilanes through energy transfer.

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Enantioselective regulation to coronal polyheterocyclic compounds via phosphonium salt-catalyzed cycloadditions of azomethine imines with γ-butenolides

Jun Liu, Zhaoyu Feng, Renming Pan, Xiaolong Yu, Meijuan Zhou, Gang Zhao, Hongyu Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110647

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Pyrazolidinones, as significant analogs of β-lactam antibiotics, have garnered substantial interest for their enantioselective synthesis. Azomethine imines, recognized as valuable building blocks for the construction of these nitrogen-containing compounds, underscore the continuous pursuit of novel building blocks and reaction methodologies within the chemical community. In this paper, we present a cascade cyclization between alkenyl azomethine imines and furan-2(5H)-one to generate chiral coronal polyheterocyclic compounds with high yields and enantioselectivities, catalyzed by dipeptide-derived phosphonium salts. In-vitro biological activity assays highlight the potential of these chiral compounds in drug discovery. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the pivotal role of phosphonium salts, demonstrating their cooperative activations via hydrogen bonding and ion-pairing interactions.

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A novel N-stable Co₂P nano-catalyst for the synthesis of quinoxalines by annulation of alkynes and 1,2-diaminobenzenes

Xiaochun Liu, Gaoyan Chen, Xiaodong Yue, Chaoyue Wang, Xue-Xin Zhang, Xuecheng Ran, Yingxiao Zong, Junke Wang, Xicun Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110707

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Designing efficient, recyclable, and low-cost catalysts is crucial for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives. In this context, a novel N-stable Co₂P nano-catalyst (CoP@NC-1.5) was developed using a template-sacrificial approach. The catalyst demonstrated a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, achieving yields of up to 84%. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited reusability and can be recycled up to three times. The CoP@NC-1.5 was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the catalyst contained Co₂P nanoparticles. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirms the presence of Co-P. Analysis of the characterization data and experimental results revealed that the active site of the catalyst comprises N-stable Co₂P nanoparticles.

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Concise synthesis of NDP-activated uronic acid by an oxidation reaction insertion strategy

Nana Yang, Rui Yuan, Xinyue Fu, Xiao Tian, Jin Yu, Shengzhou Ma, Liuqing Wen, Jiabin Zhang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110757

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Uronic acids are prevalent components of crucial glycoconjugates, pivotal in various biological processes. In nature, NDP-uronic acids, the nucleosides-activated uronic acids, serve as glycosylation donors catalyzed by uronosyltransferases (UATs) to construct glycans containing uronic acids. Despite their biological importance, the synthesis of naturally occurring NDP-uronic acids on a large scale remains challenging. Here, we developed an oxidation reaction insertion strategy for the efficient synthesis of NDP-uronic acids, and 11 NDP-uronic acids were successfully prepared in good yield and on a large scale. The prepared NDP-uronic acids can be used to explore new uronosyltransferases and synthesize uronic acids containing carbohydrates for fundamental research.

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Logically ordered control of organic room-temperature long-lived supramolecular luminophors

Xinhui Fan, Yonghao Fan, Yuli Dang, Puhui Xie, Xin Li, Zhanqi Cao, Song Jiang, Lijie Liu, Xin Zheng, Lixia Xie, Caoyuan Niu, Guoxing Liu, Yong Chen

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110648

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Herein, a ternary supramolecular assembly (BPP-BQ⊂CB[8]-SCD) is successfully constructed by a bromophenylpyridine-tethered-bromoisoquinoline (BPP-BQ), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (SCD) via successive assembling way, exhibiting progressively enhanced green room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). The self-aggregates of BPP-BQ⊂CB[8]-SCD accommodate an energy acceptor rhodamine B (RhB) to form a light-harvesting system (BPP-BQ⊂CB[8]-SCD@RhB) with further enhanced yellow long-lifetime luminescence with large Stokes shift based on triplet-singlet Förster resonance energy transfer (TS-FRET). Crucially, the introduction of a photoactive diarylethene achieves the long-lived photoluminescence of BPP-BQ⊂CB[8]-SCD@RhB to be switched with the efficiency of up to 98% through logically ordered lowering/enhancing RTP performance of the energy donor and intercepting/restoring TS-FRET pathway, when stimulated by host-guest competition and light illumination in sequence. Moreover, BPP-BQ⊂CB[8]-SCD@RhB is evenly doped into polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylamide to obtain high-performance luminescent films with long afterglow. The abovementioned logically ordered stimulus-switched long-lived emission enables the light-harvesting system in both solution and solid state to be applied in high-security-level information encryption and transformation, and anti-counterfeiting.

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Optically healable and mechanically tough supramolecular glass from low-molecular-weight compounds

Qiao Zhang, Xin Tan, Zihang Liu, Jingyu Ma, Dongqi Cao, Fenfang Li, Shengyi Dong

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110660

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Mechanically robust transparent materials that can be repaired have many advantages for practical applications. In this study, a supramolecular strategy is used to introduce healing capacity and mechanical toughness into artificial glass. Non-covalent/dynamic covalent polymerization of thioctic acid (TA) and (±)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DC) generates supramolecular glass with versatile attractive properties, including high optical transmittance (>90%), strong impact resistance (2.47 kJ/m²), good mechanical strength (21.6 MPa), and high rigidity (65 HD on Shore hardness). The adhesive bonding of poly[TA], along with its photopolymerization behavior, enables damaged areas in poly[DC/TA] to be rebuilt in-situ. Subsequent solidification and hardening of the repaired areas are notably accelerated by hydrogen bonding between poly[TA] and DC. The newly healed poly[DC/TA] exhibits considerable optical and mechanical properties compared to those of untreated poly[DC/TA]. This study presents a new design concept for constructing the high-performance glass from low-molecular-weight organic compounds.

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Double response reversible phosphorescence based on cyclodextrin supramolecular flexible elastic achieved multicolor delayed fluorescence

Linnan Jiang, Zhenkai Qian, Yong Chen, Xiaoyong Yu, Yugui Qiu, Wen-Wen Xu, Yonghui Sun, Xiufang Xu, Lihua Wang, Yu Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110676

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Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is current hotspot in the research fields of chemistry, biology, materials etc. Herein, we report that photo-thermal double response reversible ultralong RTP flexible elastic material with multicolor delayed fluorescence, which is constructed by 4-biphenylboronic acid (BOH), polyethylene glycol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, isophorone diamine and isophorone diisocyanate copolymer. Importantly, the supramolecular phosphorescent elastomer not only exhibits extending RTP emission with a lifetime up to 1.21 s, but also gives a visible afterglow of 20 s via encapsulation of BOH unities by the deep cavities of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-HP) and in situ polymerization. Especially, after doping organic dyes (Fluorescein isothiocyanate, Sulforhodamine 101, Rhodamine B), supramolecular phosphorescent elastomer achieves multicolor delayed fluorescence realized by RTP energy transfer from phosphorescent donor to dye acceptors, which possesses reversible photo-thermal responsiveness and maintains high efficiency in delayed emission even after dozens of cycles. Present research provides a new approach for constructing multicolor delayed fluorescent supramolecular elastomers.

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Separation of toluene-alcohol azeotropes by porous crystals of fluorinated leaning pillar[6]arene

Jingxiong Jiang, Yao Dong, Yuchun Wang, Lijuan Qi, Zhen-Yu Li, Tai-Bao Wei, Wen-Juan Qu, Qi Lin, Bingbing Shi

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110759

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Herein we report an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient method for the adsorptive separation of toluene from toluene-alcohol azeotropes using porous crystalline fluorinated leaning pillar[6]arene (FLP6α), achieving up to 100% purity. Moreover, FLP6α demonstrates rapid adsorption and excellent recyclability.

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Color-tunable multi-stimuli-responsive luminescent system based on diarylethene and photoacid

Hong-Guang Fu, Xuan Wu, Hui-Juan Wang, Fanjun Zhang, Yong Chen, Jing Xu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110741

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The development of multi-stimuli-responsive luminescent system to address emerging demands is essential in anti-counterfeiting field. Herein, a photoswitchable system was reported, which was constructed from photoacid sulfonato-merocyanine (MEH-D) serving as H⁺ donor and diarylethene derivative (DAE-A1) as acceptor. After capturing 2 equiv. HCl, the obtained fluorescent molecule DAE-A1-H showed solvatochromic property. Further on, benefiting from that MEH-D released protons and became a ring-closed isomer spiropyran (SP-D) under 440 nm irradiation, DAE-A1 was protonated, turning on fluorescence effect was realized in DAE-A1/MEH-D. In dark, a photo-activated reversible process was realized with SP-D changed to MEH-D in situ system. In addition, the OF-DAE-A1-H/SP-D could efficiently and reversibly switch on/off its luminescence upon irradiation by UV–vis light. Significantly, the multi-stimuli-responsive system was successfully applied in logic gate and fluorescence ink, making it an efficient strategy for information encryption and decryption with higher security requirements.

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Construction of radical halogen-bonded organic frameworks with enhanced magnetism and conductivity

Hong-Qiang Dong, Shang-Bo Yu, Shu-Meng Wang, Jia-Hao Zhao, Xu-Guan Bai, Shi-Xing Lei, Zhen-Nan Tian, Jia Tian, Kang-Da Zhang, Lu Wang, Zhan-Ting Li, Shigui Chen

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110730

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The development of organic frameworks with radical skeletons is desired. In this study, we report the development of a novel two-dimensional radical halogen-bonded organic framework (XOF). The radical monomer, benzimidazole triphenylmethyl (BTTM), was synthesized through the coupling of TTM radicals with benzimidazole. Initially, the benzimidazole units were coordinated with Ag⁺ ions to create a [N…Ag…N]⁺ framework. Subsequently, the addition of iodine led to the in situ replacement of Ag⁺ with I⁺ ions, forming [N…I…N]⁺ linkers and resulting in the creation of the XOF structure. The resulting XOF-HBTTM and XOF-BTTM structures demonstrated good-crystallinity, confirmed by PXRD, HR-TEM, SEAD, and SAXS analyses. EPR measurements confirmed the preservation of radical characteristics within the XOF framework. Furthermore, SQUID measurements indicated that XOF-BTTM exhibits spin moments of S = 1/2 at 2 K, with a saturated magnetization strength peaking at 4.10 emu/g, a notable enhancement compared to 1.87 emu/g for the BTTM monomer. This improvement in magnetism is attributed to the extended spin density distribution and the presence of [N…I…N]⁺ interactions, as suggested by DFT calculations. Additionally, the radical XOF-BTTM exhibited significantly enhanced electrical conductivity, reaching up to 1.30×10^-4 S/cm, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of XOF-HBTTM. This increased conductivity is linked to a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap, higher carrier density, and the incorporation of triphenylmethyl radicals within the framework. This research highlights the potential of benzimidazolyl motifs in constructing functional XOFs and advances our understanding of radical organic frameworks.

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Pyridine-based ionic sp² carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks for selective extraction of Pu(IV) from high-level liquid waste

Li-Ying Wang, Jun-Jie Yu, Shuai Wang, Yang Liu, Ke-Xian Song, Ji-Pan Yu, Li-Yong Yuan, Zhi-Rong Liu, Wei-Qun Shi

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110706

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In the current era marked by energy shortages, the advancement of nuclear energy stands as an inevitable progression. The reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel plays a crucial role in determining the sustainability of nuclear energy as a viable energy source. Among these processes, the separation and recovery of Pu(IV) from high-level liquid waste (HLLW) hold paramount significance in terms of safety and strategic implications. Herein, this work focused on the synthesis of two acid- and radiation-resistant pyridine-based sp²c-COFs (COF-IHEP3 and COF-IHEP4), followed by the creation of two pyridine-based ionized sp²c-COFs named COF-IHEP3-CH₃NO₃ and COF-IHEP4-CH₃NO₃ through post-modification. These materials have potential anion exchange capacity for the selective separation of Pu(IV) in highly acidic conditions. Notably, in 8 mol/L nitric acid solution, COF-IHEP3-CH₃NO₃ demonstrated the capability to eliminate plutonium within 20 min in 98% removal efficiency with a K_d value of 2450 mL/g. Experimental and theoretical analysis suggest that the ionized sp²c-COFs exhibit exceptional stability, selectivity, and prevention of secondary contamination towards Pu(IV) in the presence of multiple ions environments. In short, this work provides an appropriate anion exchange strategy to design ionic sp²c-COFs as a promising platform for Pu(IV) recovery from HLLW.

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Structure-based optimization of isoaurostatin as novel PDE4 inhibitors with anti-fibrotic effects

Yi-You Huang, Xiang Luo, Kai Zhang, Yulan Liang, Furong Zhang, Guochao Liao, Shenghong Xie, Pei-Luo Huang, Siyu Hou, Qian Zhou, Yong Zou, Hai-Bin Luo

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110586

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease and its incidence rate is rapidly rising. However, effective therapies for the treatment of IPF are still lacking. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors were reported to be potential anti-fibrotic agents. Herein, structure-based hit-to-lead optimization of natural isoaurostatin (8.98 μmol/L) resulted in several potent inhibitors of PDE4 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 35 nmol/L to 126 nmol/L. Co-crystal structures revealed that isoaurostatin compounds exhibited different binding patterns from the classic PDE4 inhibitor rolipram and the analogues would favor to be Z configurations other than the corresponding E isomers. Finally, lead 2–9 showed remarkable in vitro/in vivo anti-fibrotic effects indicating its potential as a novel anti-IPF agent.

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Diterpenoids with unexpected 5/6/6-fused ring system and its dimer from Strophioblachia glandulosa

Xue-Wen Wu, Bin-Bao Wang, Yu Qin, Yong-Xiang Huang, Muhammad Aurang Zeb, Bin Cheng, Xiao-Li Li, Chang-Bo Zheng, Wei-Lie Xiao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110584

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Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system (1–6), and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core (7) were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa. Spectroscopic techniques, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were used to elucidate their structures. A preliminary bioactivity assay revealed compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent anti-myocardial hypertrophy effect in vitro by significantly inhibiting the expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) proteins. Additionally, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (Mapk14) may be involved in the regulation of compound 3 on cardiac hypertrophic disease by network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification.

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Alkaloids peganumiums A–C from Peganum harmala L., with two novel long conjugated structures

Yongjian Liu, Cen Liu, Haitao Guo, Jinchai Qi, Heng Chen, Yuping Yang, Tao Ma, Yonggang Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110558

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From the seeds of Peganum harmala L., three new alkaloids of β-carboline were isolated. Among them, peganumiums A (1) and B (2) were dimers with specific new scaffolds, all with long conjugated systems. Peganumium A and peganumium C (3) were ionic alkaloid salts and peganumium B was a hexacyclic-condensed alkaloid. The biosynthetic pathways of the three compounds above were also speculated. A preliminary cytotoxicity assay revealed that peganumium B had strong in vitro antiproliferative ability against a variety of cancer cells. The analysis of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics suggested that the antiproliferative mechanism of peganumium B could be associated with the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine, the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine, and the metabolism of nicotinate and nicotinamide. In addition, peganumium B could reduce the mitochondrial content of body-wall muscle cells of a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strain in vivo.

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A new radioactive microsphere: Y-90 carbon microsphere for selective internal radiation therapy of advanced liver cancer

Xiaosheng Zhao, Jie Gao, Kun Shi, Chixiang Zhang, Wenliang Ma, Guo Lyu, Jun Zhang, Jing Lu, Qiangqiang Liu, Xianjin Luo, Kunru Yu, Jianguo Li, Qiang Ge, Jiming Cai, Chang Liu, Zhiyong Qian

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110662

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Radioactive microspheres have demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects and good tolerance in the treatment of unresectable primary and secondary liver malignancies. This is attributed to precise embolization and potent anti-tumor effect. However, certain limitations such as unstable loading, perfusion stasis, heterogeneous distribution, ectopic distribution, and insufficient dosage, restrict their clinical application. Herein, a novel personalized Y-90 carbon microsphere with high uniformity, high specific activity and high availability (⁹⁰Y-HUACM) is presented. It is synthesized through planar molecular complex adsorption and chemical deposition solidification. ⁹⁰Y-HUACM exhibited controllable size, excellent biocompatibility, outstanding in vitro and in vivo stability. The radiolabeling efficiency of Y-90 exceeded 99% and the leaching rate of Y-90 is far below 0.1%. Furthermore, the excellent anti-tumor effect, nuclide loading stability, anti-reflux characteristics, precise embolization, and biosafety of ⁹⁰Y-HUACM were validated in a rabbit VX₂ liver tumor model. In summary, this new, high-performance, and customizable radioactive microsphere provides a superior choice for selective internal radiation treatment of advanced liver cancer is expected to be rapidly applied in clinical practice.

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Barnacle-inspired chitosan glycerin gel for skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments

Aijia Zhang, Guiyuan Zhao, Guangli Xiang, Rui Chen, Yu Dong, Qijie Diao, Jialin Wang, Xiaohui Lin, Wenxuan Zeng, Tianze Jiang, Jun Wu, Xia Zhao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110767

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Skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments such as seawater, cold, and dryness face great challenges. However, traditional hydrogels tend to lose adhesion underwater, freeze at low temperatures, and dehydrate in dry environments, severely limiting their applications. Inspired by marine barnacles, a chitosan (CTS)-butyl acrylate (BA)-glycerol gel (CB-G-Gel) is fabricated, which mimic the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of barnacle cement proteins using CTS and BA respectively to enhance adhesion underwater, and employ a glycerol/water solvent exchange strategy to endow the gel with anti-freezing and water-retaining properties. CB-G-Gel exhibits strong underwater adhesion and good antibacterial activity, and promotes seawater-immersed wound healing. CB-G-Gel protects the skin from frostbite and scald (-196～120 ℃), and has excellent water retention under dry conditions of 20% relative humidity and 60 ℃. This strategy of combining barnacle biomimicry with glycerol/water solvent exchange provides a guidance for skin protection and wound healing in harsh environments.

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Sustained modulation of tumor microenvironment via sorafenib-loaded mesoporous ferromanganese nanozymes for enhanced apoptosis-ferroptosis cancer therapy

Guanghui Lin, Jieyao Chen, Xiaojia Liu, Yitong Lin, Xudong Zhu, Guotao Yuan, Bowen Yang, Shuanshuan Guo, Yue Pan, Jianhua Zhou

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111018

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Sorafenib (Sora) not only has an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis via indirectly inhibiting tumor growth through antiangiogenesis, but also can inactivate the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to induce ferroptosis. Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacy is hampered by a plethora of factors, including low bioavailability and tumor microenvironment (TME). Of particular note is the hypoxic and reductive TME, which acts as a significant impediment and poses formidable challenges to attain the most optimal treatment outcomes. Herein, we developed a novel therapeutic platform based on Sora-loaded mesoporous ferromanganese nanoparticles (PMFNs@Sora). PMFNs mimics both catalase and GPX activities. The self-sustained catalase activity enables continuous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen, which alleviates hypoxia microenvironment. The GPX activity simultaneously amplifies the therapeutic efficacy of Sora. The as-synthesized PMFNs@Sora demonstrates significantly enhanced antitumor effect in vitro through apoptosis-ferroptosis, revealed by Western blot. Furthermore, PMFNs@Sora also showed effective tumor growth inhibition in vivo. This multifunctional nanoplatform offers a promising strategy for modulating the TME and enhancing cancer treatment in clinical application.

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Protective effect of osteogenic growth peptide functionalized tetrahedral DNA nanostructure on bone marrow and bone formation ability in chemotherapy-induced myelosuppressive mice

Tianxu Zhang, Dexuan Xiao, Mi Zhou, Yunfeng Lin, Tao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Cai

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110594

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Osteogenic ability impairment and myelosuppression are common complications of chemotherapy and many chemotherapeutics can affect the skeletal system. Skeletal system protection is necessary for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and tetrahedral framework nucleic-acid nanostructures (tFNAs) are combined to form a peptide-DNA complex OGP-tFNAs, which aims to combine the positive biological effect on tissue protection and regeneration. The bone marrow protection and bone formation effect of OGP-tFNAs are investigated in chemotherapy-induced myelosuppressive mice. The results show that OGP-tFNAs could reduce the cell damage degree from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and maintained the osteogenic differentiation potential. Furthermore, OGP-tFNAs accelerate bone defect regeneration in myelosuppressive mice. In conclusion, OGP-tFNAs could protect the osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from 5-FU injury and maintain the bone formation ability of myelosuppressive mice suffering from chemotherapy.

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Mucus-inspired lubricative antibacterial coating to reduce airway complications in an intubation cynomolgus monkey model

Jun-Yang Wang, Yu-Qing Wei, Qing-Ning Wang, Zhi-Guo Wang, Rui Hong, Lisha Yi, Ping Xu, Jia-Zhuang Xu, Zhong-Ming Li, Baisong Zhao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110559

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Endotracheal intubation-related complications are common in clinical, and there are currently no effective strategies to address these matters. Inspired by the biological characteristics of human airway mucus (HAM), an artificial airway mucus (ARM) coating is straightforwardly constructed by combining carboxymethyl chitosan with methyl cellulose. The ARM coating exhibited excellent lubricity (coefficient of friction (CoF) = 0.05) and hydrophilicity (water contact angle (WCA) = 21.3°), and was capable of coating both the internal and external surfaces of the endotracheal tube (ETT). In vitro experiments demonstrated that the ARM coating not only showed good broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, but also significantly reduced nonspecific protein adhesion. Through an in vivo intubation cynomolgus monkey model, ARM-coated ETT potently mitigated airway injury and inflammation, and was highly potential to prevent bacterial infection and catheter blockage. This work offers a promising avenue for the development of airway-friendly invasive devices.

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Highly efficient adoptive cell therapy of metastatic triple negative breast cancer with bioactive covalent organic framework-engineered macrophages

Peng Gao, Yuanyuan Chen, Qianlin He, Xue Liu, Echuan Tan, Zhiqiang Yu, Hui Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110585

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal diseases and lack of feasible therapeutic methods. Herein, we developed a bioactive covalent organic framework (COF) for adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of TNBC. In our design, Mn²⁺ functionalized COF was employed as a bioactive CpG carrier, which could simultaneously engineer and polarize macrophages to the antitumor phenotype, via the synergistic interaction of CpG and Mn²⁺. In the in vitro experiments, the engineered macrophages were found to secret high levels of antitumor cytokines for efficient TNBC cell inhibition. In the in vivo antitumor model, bioactive COF-engineered macrophages were found to relieve the hypoxia tumor microenvironment, enabling prevention of immune cell depletion during ACT. Thus, we realized efficient TNBC therapy and metastasis inhibition with the engineered macrophages in a long-term therapy model. This work provides a promising strategy for metastatic TNBC treatment and highlights the importance of bioactive COF in biomedicine.

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Self-strengthened cascade-explosive nanogel using host-guest interaction strategy for synergistic tumor treatment

Huipeng Li, Xue Yang, Minjie Sun

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110651

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Despite the considerable potentiality of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment, conventional hydrophobic photosensitizers cause obstacles for in vivo application, while their inert structures are difficult to chemically modify. Additionally, undesirable tumor hypoxia resulting from oxygen consumption also discounts the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Herein, we developed a self-strengthened nanogel with reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger-explosive property. IR780 was spontaneous assembled within the conical cavity of cyclodextrin (β-CD) using host-guest interactions, while adjacent IR780 molecules on the dextrin backbone with hydrophobic interaction and π conjugation induced nanogel formation. Simultaneously, hydrophilic compound tirapazamine (TPZ) was incorporated into nanogel for synergistic tumor treatment. The inherent high levels of ROS in tumor can break down boronic ester bond linker of nanogel, initiating its disintegration. Furthermore, our findings indicate the ROS level (including H₂O₂ and ¹O₂) can be transiently enhanced during PDT process at the animal level, which accelerates the explosion of nanogel. Notably, the IR780@β-CD module exhibited enhanced ROS generation efficiency during PDT with the continues explosion of nanogel, which further strengthens nanogel disintegration, tumor phototherapy and cargo releasement. Additionally, the released TPZ is activated under hypoxic conditions after PDT treatment, addressing the limitations of PDT and facilitating multi-synergistic tumor treatment.

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Application of mitochondrial miRNA-204 nanoprobes in Alzheimer's disease treatment by clearing reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy

Weiqun Li, Ming-Jie Dong, Haibing Dai, Shanming Lu, Ran Luo, Jiahui Cao, Fan Zhang, Lin Mei, Jianbo Yu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110614

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Neuronal mitochondrial damage is the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD); as mitochondrial microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function, developing a detection system for mitochondrial miRNAs and applying it for AD treatment is of great significance. Herein, we report CeO₂-DNA-RNA hybrid chain (DRP)/mitochondrial aptamers (MA) nanoclusters, formed using specially modified 5 nm sized cerium dioxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles, to achieve AD diagnosis and treatment by targeting mitochondrial miRNA-204. First, nanomaterials with unique reactive oxygen species-scavenging functions could easily enter the central nervous system, and surface modification with mitochondrial aptamers facilitated successful mitochondrial targeting. Furthermore, surface modification of nanomaterials with DNA-RNA hybrid biological detection probes was used to detect miRNA-204 in AD and simultaneously perform gene-silencing therapy. In 3×Tg-AD model mice, CeO₂-DRP/MA aggregated into neuronal mitochondria, silenced mitochondrial miRNA-204, and restored the damaged mitochondria for AD treatment. The promising diagnostic and therapeutic functions of CeO₂-DRP/MA demonstrate its better performance as a diagnostic and therapeutic system targeting mitochondrial miRNA.

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Lipoic acid-locked reduction-responsive core-cross-linked micelles delivering paclitaxel for triple-negative breast cancer treatment

Chao Liu, Liming Gong, Yanhong Liu, Shuangqing Wang, Hao Wu, Liqing Chen, Mingji Jin, Zhonggao Gao, Wei Huang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110570

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Most anti-tumor agents suffer from systemic non-specific distribution and low aggregation in tumors, which not only decreases the therapeutic efficacy, but also causes systemic toxic side effects in the treatments of tumors. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought new ideas for the application of anti-tumor drugs. Nanomedicines, such as liposomes and micelles, can improve drug targeting and prolong systemic circulation time to promote anti-tumor efficacy and reduce toxic side effects. However, conventional micelles bear the risk of instability and premature drug leaking in the blood circulation. We designed a reduction-responsive core-cross-linked micelle PTX@Fmoc-LA-PEG efficiently encapsulating Paclitaxel (PTX) via π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions of Fmoc and PTX. Moreover, the micelle was further locked based on the cross-linking properties of the disulfide bonds formed by lipoic acid (LA). As expected, the core-cross-linked micelles PTX@Fmoc-LA-PEG remained stable in normal physiological environments, while restoring the normal drug release rate of micelles under the highly reducing environment due to LA unlocking. The blank micelles (Fmoc-LA-PEG) exhibited excellent biocompatibility, while the drug-loaded micelles (PTX@Fmoc-LA-PEG) displayed a remarkable anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results suggested that core-cross-linked micelles PTX@Fmoc-LA-PEG have great potential to improve the targeting and stability of anti-tumor drugs.

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Synthesis of curcumin polyprodrug via click chemistry and construction of dual-drug-loaded nano platform for highly efficient tumor treatment

Haijiao Li, Mingzu Zhang, Jinlin He, Jian Liu, Xingwei Sun, Peihong Ni

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110615

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Micellar nanostructures formed by amphiphilic polymers are prone to dissociation when the in vivo environment changes. Polyprodrug micelles can cross-link with other hydrophobic drugs through non-covalent bonds, which has the advantage of fixed structure and avoids the use of chemical cross-linking agents. In this study, we prepared a polyprodrug with hydrophobic curcumin (CUR) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the main chain through a click reaction between CUR derivatives containing azide groups and di-alkynly-capped PEG. Due to the presence of benzene rings in the structure of CUR, the polyprodrug can form non-covalent cross-linked nanoparticles (NCCL-CUR NPs) through hydrophobic and π-π stacking interaction. The structure, molecular weight, and self-assembly properties of the polyprodrug were characterized. The anti-cancer drug camptothecin (CPT) was encapsulated in the polyprodrug nanoparticles, producing dual-drug-loaded nanoparticles (abbreviated as CPT@NCCL-CUR NPs). The test results indicate that the NPs have reductive responsiveness and can release the original drugs CUR and CPT in phosphate buffer (PB) solution containing glutathione (GSH), while remaining stability in physiological environment. Cell and in vivo experiments further demonstrate that the dual-drug-loaded CPT@NCCL-CUR NPs can inhibit the growth of tumor through synergistic effects. This work provides a valuable approach for the preparation of amphiphilic polyprodrug with anti-tumor CUR as the backbone, and the stable dual-drug-loaded NPs containing both CUR and CPT through non-covalent cross-linking for synergistic therapy.

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Super-resolution imaging of cellular pseudopodia dynamics with a target-specific blinkogenic probe

Aoxuan Song, Qinglong Qiao, Ning Xu, Yiyan Ruan, Wenhao Jia, Xiang Wang, Zhaochao Xu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110643

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Monitoring the dynamics of cellular pseudopodia at nanoscale has become essential for understanding their diverse and complex functions in living cells. This is made possible by combining single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) with self-blinking dyes. However, existing self-blinking dyes often face limitations, such as nonspecific blinking and low photostability, which can bring background noise and yield erroneous localization signals, hindering their effectiveness for nanoscale visualization. Here, we present a method for long-term SMLM imaging of cellular pseudopodia dynamics using a blinkogenic probe that exhibits self-blinking activation upon molecular recognition. This approach enabled the precise tracking of various pseudopodia structures, including filopodia, lamellipodia, and (tunneling nanotubes)-nanoscale (TNTs), in living cells. We monitored the growth and fusion of filopodia, as well as the extension and shrinkage of lamellipodia, in real-time. Additionally, we identified two distinct fusion modes between filopodia and lamellipodia and captured the formation of TNTs and their interactions with filopodia, demonstrating the probe's utility in visualizing real-time pseudopodia dynamics at nanoscale.

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A lipid droplet-targeting fluorescence probe for monitoring of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Quan Lu, Lulu Zhang, Zihan Chen, Jiajia Lv, Jie Gao, Xinmin Li, Hongyu Li, Wen Shi, Xiaohua Li, Huimin Ma, Zeli Yuan

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110620

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Ferroptosis is a new regulated cell death process executed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid droplets (LDs), as an important organelle for lipid storage and metabolism, are probably a major site of LPO and play critical roles in the regulation of ferroptosis. However, the detailed study on LPO in LDs has not been carried out because of the lack of LD-targeting tools for the in situ monitoring of LPO. Herein, the first LD-targeting LPO fluorescence probe (LD-LPO) has been developed. LD-LPO exhibits a rapid and selective fluorescence enhancement at 518 nm, which is unaffected by highly destructive reactive oxygen species (e.g., hydroxyl radical) and environmental factor changes (e.g., polarity and viscosity). LD-LPO is capable of targeting LDs and visualizing LPO within LDs in situ during erastin- or (1S,3R)-RSL3 (RSL3)-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, LD-LPO has also been used to image LPO in the ferroptosis-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to evaluate the medicine treatment of NAFLD with saroglitazar, demonstrating its utility for monitoring LPO levels in biosystems. The favorable analytical and imaging performance of LD-LPO may allow its application in more ferroptosis-associated physiological and pathological processes.

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Mapping sweat pores for biometric identification based on a donor-acceptor hydrophilic fluorescent probe

Xinyi Zhao, Yuai Duan, Zihan Liu, Hua Geng, Yaping Li, Zhongfeng Li, Tianyu Han

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110617

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Fluorescence-based imaging applications have been benefiting greatly from donor-acceptor (D-A)/donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) fluorescent probes owing to their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) nature and self-assembly behavior. In this study, we design and synthesize a hydrophilic D-A fluorescent probe, namely CHBA, which would self-assemble into interlaced textures down to nanoscale but disassemble by trace amount of water in fingertip area. Upon finger-pressing, it enables fingerprint imaging and covers level-1/2/3 fingerprint information, wherein the sweat pores can be mapped in both bright field model and fluorescence mode, capable of naked-eye-based similarity analysis for personal identity verification (PIV). Spectroscopic analysis and morphology study show that the working mechanism can be attributed to the selective water-erosion effect on the solid-liquid interphase under physical contact. The sweat pore information can be digitized by polar coordinate conversion, further allowing machine-learning-based analysis for PIV application. The final PIV accuracy reaches 100% for all the involved machine-learning models, with no erroneous judgements. A prototype of PIV system is constructed by integrating CHBA with artificial intelligence hardware, wherein the sweat pore imaging, data processing and the decision-making could be run in parallel, suggesting high feasibility in real-world application.

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Dual activation pathways based on OH-functionalized alk-Ti₃C₂ MXene/RuO_x boosting the hydrogen generation

Chongbei Wu, Benzhi Wang, Xuan Li, Jiaxuan Gu, Yihan Wu, Zhe Zhao, Pengfei Jia, Jizhou Jiang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111162

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A meticulous design of the local environment at the interface between active species and the support, aimed at optimizing the adsorption of H₂O molecules and BH₄^- anion, offers an ideal strategy for enhancing hydrogen generation via NaBH₄ hydrolysis through dual activation pathways. Theoretical predictions based on d-band center analysis and electron transfer calculations suggest that introducing -OH functional groups induce charge redistribution, enhancing charge concentration on alk-Ti₃C₂ and facilitating the adsorption and activation of dual active species, H₂O molecules and BH₄^- anion. Inspired by these predictions, the optimized alk-Ti₃C₂/RuO_x catalyst demonstrates the highest catalytic activity, achieving a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 9468 mL min^-1 g_cat.^-1. Both experimental data and theoretical analyses confirm that the -OH functional groups promote charge enrichment on alk-Ti₃C₂, optimizing the adsorption of H₂O molecules and BH₄^- anion, and reducing the dissociation energy barrier of the *OH-H-TS intermediate. This dual activation pathways mechanism lowers the activation energy for NaBH₄ hydrolysis, significantly enhancing the HGR performance. These findings, guided by theoretical insights, establish alk-Ti₃C₂/RuO_x as an efficient catalyst for NaBH₄ hydrolysis and provide a strong foundation for future hydrogen generation catalyst designs.

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Electron trap-induced charge accumulation and surface reaction kinetics synergistically enhance overall nitrogen photofixation

Longjian Li, Ping Zhang, Yongchong Yu, Reyila Tuerhong, Xiaoping Su, Lijuan Han, Enzhou Liu, Jizhou Jiang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111118

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Available online Further oxidation of NH₃ produced via photocatalytic N₂ fixation represents a promising strategy to enhance the economic value of N₂ fixation. This work employs first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to demonstrate that incorporating Co into NiO improves both N₂ adsorption and activation as well as M-N electron exchange intensity. Guided by these predictions, a novel Co single-atom photocatalyst supported by nanoconfined NiO@C nanosheets was synthesized using a direct metal atomization method, achieving high HNO₃ production (60.54%). NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- production rates during N₂ photofixation reached 67.97 μmol g_cat^-1 h^-1 and 104.28 μmol g_cat^-1 h^-1, respectively. The overall N₂ → NH₃ → HNO₃ photofixation pathway was validated through in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ¹⁵N isotopic labeling. Mechanistic studies reveal that Co single-atom introduction serves as an electron trap, enhancing photogenerated electron accumulation with a five-fold increase in carrier density compared to NiO@C, as observed via in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This synergistic effect between electron traps and N₂ adsorption/activation sites at Co single-atom centers supports rapid N₂ reduction kinetics. Additionally, nanoconfined ink-bottle pores in the carbon layer impede NH₃ desorption, further boosting NO₃^- production. This work offers a comprehensive approach to optimizing N₂ photofixation through electron regulation and surface reaction kinetics.

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MOF-derived beaded stream-like nitrogen and phosphorus-codoped carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites via lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism for efficient water oxidation

Lin Zhang, Jianlong Li, Maoyuan Hu, Yao Xu, Xiaoli Xiong, Zhaoyu Jin

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111123

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It is necessary to adopt a specific strategy to construct an efficient and low-cost transition metal-based composite to replace the precious metal-based electrocatalyst for OER catalytic processes. In this work, a beaded stream-like N and P-codoped carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite (N,P-Fe₃O₄@C) is derived from MIL-88A by two-step annealing. The unique 3D nanostructure and amorphous N-doped carbon layer enlarge the number of active sites, and P doping changes the pathway from AEM to LOM. The synergistic effect of these factors results in N,P-Fe₃O₄@C presenting excellent OER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 201 mV (η₁₀), a Tafel slope of 57.1 mV/dec and stable operation for 100 h (the current density is 10 mA/cm²). Density functional theory calculations and electrochemical tests reveal that the P doping enhances the overlap of Fe 3d orbital bands and O 2p orbitals, and thus significantly increases the metal-oxygen covalency, triggering the pathway transition from AEM to LOM. This work provides a new way to construct more efficient transition metal-based composite carbon materials.

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The interfacial effect of SiO₂-Ni₃Mo₃N efficiently catalyzes the low-temperature hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethanol

Jiang Gong, Fengling Zheng, Hanqing Zhang, Weihan Shu, Hao Wang, Ni Zhang, Pengbing Huang, Chuancai Zhang, Bin Dai

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111122

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The hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to ethanol (EtOH) represents a promising avenue for syngas conversion and plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy economies. Nevertheless, designing catalysts with high EtOH yields at low temperatures remains a significant challenge. This study introduces an efficient catalyst featuring a rich SiO₂-Ni₃Mo₃N interface, which achieved a remarkable 97.5% EtOH yield at 210 ℃ and 2 MPa. Impressively, an EtOH yield of 95% was also obtained at 210 ℃ and 1.5 MPa. The research demonstrates that the addition of SiO₂ fosters the development of a rich SiO₂-Ni₃Mo₃N interface, which enhances the concentration of Lewis acid sites (L-acid) and Brønsted acids sites (B-acid) within the catalyst. This enhancement promotes the adsorption of raw material and intermediate products while increasing H₂ adsorption, thereby boosting the catalyst's deep hydrogenation capacity. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations indicate that SiO₂ incorporation modifies the catalyst's metal d-band center through electron transfer, increasing its adsorption capability for raw materials and intermediates and facilitating EtOH production. Consequently, this study achieves high EtOH yields at low temperatures, advances the industrialization process of syngas to EtOH conversion, and offers novel insights into constructing highly active catalytic interfaces for DMO hydrogenation.

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Cu⁰/Cu^δ⁺ site construction and its catalytic role in acetylene hydrochlorination

Junchen Peng, Zhongyuan Guo, Dandan Dong, Yusheng Lu, Bao Wang, Fangjie Lu, Chaofeng Huang, Bin Dai

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111208

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In view of the dearth of active components and the unsatisfactory dispersion of Cu-based catalysts, it is imperative to undertake a detailed investigation of catalysts with enhanced catalytic performance. In order to achieve a balance between the catalytic activity and stability in the reaction process, a series of P-atom doped Cu⁰/Cu^δ+ binary Cu-based catalysts were prepared by means of heteroatom introduction and heat treatment. The introduction of P enhanced the stability of Cu during heat treatment, thereby inhibiting the excessive agglomeration of Cu. The structure of the Cu⁰/Cu^δ+ binary catalyst was modified through heat treatment and HCl activation, and the relationship between its structure and catalytic activity was subsequently investigated. The activation process of HCl facilitated the conversion of the Cu⁰ state to the Cu-Cl state and augmented the valence state of Cu. The valence modulation of the Cu site by HCl during the reaction prevented the over-reduction of the Cu site by acetylene and enhanced the stability of the catalyst. The 3Cu/5CuP/AC-800 catalyst was operated for 50 h without significant deactivation under the reaction conditions of T = 180 ℃, V(HCl)/V(C₂H₂) = 1.15 and GHSV(C₂H₂) = 180 h^-1. This design strategy provides a novel reference point for further studies of CuCl₂ based catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.

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Stabilizing Cu²⁺ in perovskite via A-site modulation for efficient CO₂ electrocatalysis to CH₄

Yuhan Zheng, Yunzhen Jia, Xuelei Lang, Dazhong Zhong, Jinping Li, Qiang Zhao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111193

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Cu²⁺ in copper-based catalysts can facilitate the hydrogenation of the CH₄ production pathway via the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECRR). However, Cu²⁺ species in copper oxides are unstable and have been revealed to reduce to Cu⁰ under the applied cathodic potential. In this work, we reported an A-site modulation strategy to stabilize Cu²⁺ in perovskite for efficient ECRR to CH₄. After the introduction of Ca²⁺ in La₂CuO₄, the obtained LaCa_0.4CuO_3-_δ is stable during ECRR. We achieved a 59.6% ±3.8% CH₄ faradaic efficiency at -1.30 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in H-cell and a partial current density of 155.0 mA/cm² in membrane electrode assembly. DFT calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy show that Cu²⁺ facilitates the hydrogenation of *CH₂O to *CH₃O and the further production of CH₄. This work introduces an efficient strategy to stabilize Cu²⁺ and provides an understanding of Cu²⁺ in promoting ECRR to CH₄.

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Achieving high-proportioned 1T-MoS₂ within heterostructures derived from polymolybdate-based complex for boosting electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution

Zhihan Chang, Yuchen Zhang, Yuan Tian, Xiuli Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110197

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The fabrication of bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution in aqueous environment has far-reaching significance. Especially, reasonable interface process regulation toward heterogeneous composites can make full use of the active sites and improve the electrocatalytic activity. In this study, we designed and synthesized NiS₂-MoS₂-based heterogeneous composites as efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline electrolyte. The heterostructure was obtained by one-step hydrothermal ulfurization operation towards polymolybdate-based metal-organic complex. The composition and nanostructures can be tailored by modulating experiment parameter, realizing the phase-controlled synthesis and interface regulation: (1) High-percentage of 1T-MoS₂ can be achieved via selecting appropriate vulcanization time and thiourea concentration, benifiting for the higher electroconductivity and more active sites; (2) Regular and orderly vulcanization time promotes the gradual growth and aggregation of nanosheets; (3) The existence of nickel hydroxide improves the electrocatalytic stability for oxygen production performance. The optimized heterogeneous interfaces provide sufficient active sites and accelerate electron transfer. Consequently, the optimal heterogeneous nanosheets present low overpotentials of 33 and 122 mV at the catalytic current densities of 10 mA/cm² for HER and OER, respectively.

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Catalytic effects of structural design in N-modified carbon materials for the hydrochlorination of acetylene

Yusheng Lu, Chaofeng Huang, Zhigang Lei, Mingyuan Zhu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110583

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Polyvinyl chloride is the most widely used general-purpose plastic and plays a vital role in various industries. Mercury-based catalysts severely limit the green sustainability of industry. Non-metallic carbon materials are very promising alternatives in acetylene hydrochlorination, but their stability remains a challenge of major concern at present. Based on the principle of green chemistry, structurally tunable and defect-rich carbon materials were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis using glucose as carbon source and m-phenylenediamine as nitrogen source and cross-linking agent. Experimental characterization and density functional theory confirmed that pyridinic N was the main active site. The introduction of N not only regulated the formation of the hierarchically porous structure of the carbon material, but also increased the adsorption of HCl and decreased the adsorption strength of C₂H₂. The synergistic effect of high N content and porous structure significantly enhanced the catalytic performance of the catalysts in acetylene hydrochlorination. The C₂H₂ conversion was maintained at around 98% after 100 h under the reaction conditions (T = 220 ℃, GHSV(C₂H₂) = 30 h^-1, V_HCl/V_C₂H₂ = 1.15). Thus, the one-pot synthesis process used here is a good benchmark for future catalyst research.

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Al₂O₃ coated polyimide porous films enable thin yet strong polymer-in-salt solid-state electrolytes for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

Haotian Zhang, Shengfa Feng, Mufan Cao, Xiong Xiong Liu, Pengcheng Yuan, Yaping Wang, Min Gao, Long Pan, Zhengming Sun

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111096

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The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength, ionic conductivity, and thickness. Here, we propose Al₂O₃-coated polyimide (AO/PI) porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt (PIS) solid-state electrolytes, aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance. The Al₂O₃ coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS, but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35 μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa. In addition, the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 mS/cm at 25 ℃. As a result, the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA/cm² without noticeable lithium dendrite formation. Moreover, the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO₄Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance (125.7 mAh/g at 5 C) and impressive cycling stability (96.1% capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles). This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.

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Polycarbonyl conjugated porous polyimide as anode materials for high performance sodium-ion batteries

Liangju Zhao, Shiyu Qin, Fei Wu, Limin Zhu, Qing Han, Lingling Xie, Xuejing Qiu, Hongliang Wei, Lanhua Yi, Xiaoyu Cao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110246

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Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have attracted considerable attention as potential organic anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their flexible chemical structure, high porosity, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness. However, the inherent shortcomings of organic electrodes, such as low conductivity, high solubility in electrolyte, narrow material utilization, etc., limit their further development. In this work, we successfully prepared a novel porous polyimide PPD containing multicarbonyl active centers via the polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ). The stable conjugated structure and multiple redox centers give the polymer high reversible specific capacity (244.6 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g), ultra-long cycle stability (100.7 mAh/g after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A/g), and predominant rate capability. Meanwhile, the sodium storage mechanism of the electrode materials during the charging and discharging process is investigated by ex-situ XPS/FTIR analysis. Due to the exceptional electrochemical properties and simple synthesis method, this work may shed light on the preparation of polyimide-based anodes for high specific capacity and rate capability secondary batteries.

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An ionically conductive and compressible sulfochloride solid-state electrolyte for stable all-solid-state lithium-based batteries

Zhangran Ye, Zhixuan Yu, Jingming Yao, Lei Deng, Yunna Guo, Hantao Cui, Chongchong Ma, Chao Tai, Liqiang Zhang, Lingyun Zhu, Peng Jia

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110272

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Halide electrolytes, renowned for their excellent electrochemical stability and wide voltage window, exhibit significant potential in the development of high energy density solid-state batteries featuring high voltage cathode materials. In this study, we present the development and synthesis of a 0.6Li₂S-ZrCl₄ solid electrolyte, demonstrating an ion conductivity of 1.9×10^-3 S/cm at 25 ℃. Under a pressure of 500 MPa, the relative density of the electrolyte can reach 97.37%, showcasing its commendable compressibility. 0.6Li₂S-ZrCl₄ served as the electrolyte, and we assembled batteries utilizing a LiCoO₂ (LCO) positive electrode, Li_9.54Si_1.74P_1.44S_11.7Cl_0.3 (LSPSCl) coating, and Li-In negative electrode for laboratory testing. At 25 ℃, this all-solid-state battery demonstrated an impressive discharge capacity retention rate of 86.99% (with a final discharge specific capacity of 110.5 mAh/g) after 250 cycles at 24 mA/g and 100 MPa stack pressure. Upon substituting the positive electrode material with LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811) and assembling an all-solid-state battery, it demonstrated a discharge capacity retention rate of 74.17% after 200 cycles at 3.6 mA/g and 100 MPa stack pressure in an environment at 25 ℃ (with a final discharge specific capacity of 103.3 mA/g). Our findings hold significant implications for the design of novel superionic conductors, thereby contributing to the advancement of all-solid-state battery technology.

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Architecting double-shelled hollow carbon nanocages embedded bimetallic sites as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries

Congcong Wang, Kai Zhang, Bai Yang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110538

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Rational design of complex hollow nanostructures offers a great opportunity to construct various functional nanostructures. A novel in situ disassembly-polymerization-pyrolysis approach was developed to synthesize atomically dispersed Fe single atoms (Fe SAs) and tiny Co nanoparticles (Co NPs) binary sites embedded in double-shelled hollow carbon nanocages (Co NPs/Fe SAs DSCNs) without removing excess templates. The Co NPs/Fe SAs DSCNs displayed excellent bifunctional activity, boosting the realistic rechargeable zinc-air batteries with high efficiency, long-term durability, and reversibility, which is comparable to noble metal catalysts (Pt/C and RuO₂). The enhanced catalytic activity should be attributed to as well as the strong interactions between Fe SAs and Co NPs with the nitrogen-doped carbon matrix, the exposure of more active sites, and the high-flux mass transportation. In addition, the confinement effect between the double C–N shells prevented the aggregation and corrosion of metal atoms, thus improving the durability of the Co NPs/Fe SAs DSCNs, further highlighting the structural advantages of carbon nanoreactor. This work provides guidance for further rational design and preparation of complex hollow structure materials with advanced bifunctional air cathodes.

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Phosphorus-doped carbon as an effective protective layer for advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Long Huang, Jian Pu, Yunyu Zhao, Xiangxiang Fang, Yingjian Yu, Yuan Li, Jinyan Ma, Yuejin Zhu, Fang Hu, Chuang Yue

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110989

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Zinc-ion battery (ZIB) has been regarded as one of the most promising sustainable energy storage systems due to its low cost, safety, and attractive electrochemical performance. However, the metallic zinc anode with uneven deposition during cycling would result in significant capacity decay, low Coulombic efficiency, and electrolyte consumption, thus the undesirable cyclability severely hampers the practical applications. Herein, a phosphorus-doped carbon protective layer was coated onto the surface of Zn anode via using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) approach. Enhanced conductivity and lower nucleation overpotential induced by the P-doped carbon protective layer can effectively facilitate the ion diffusion kinetics and suppress side reactions. The as-fabricated P-C/Zn anode demonstrated excellent cycling stability during the zinc plating/stripping process, maintaining a low voltage hysteresis (34.8 mV) for over 1000 h under a current density of 2 mA/cm² and a capacity of 2 mAh/cm². Moreover, the P-C/ZnMnO₂ full cell exhibited high specific capacity of about 252.5 mAh/g at 2 A/g upon 700 long cycles. This study is helpful to design more efficient zinc-ion batteries towards the future applications.

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Introducing high-valence element into P2-type layered cathode material for high-rate sodium-ion batteries

Fanjun Kong, Jing Zhang, Yuting Tang, Chencheng Sun, Chunfu Lin, Tao Zhang, Wangsheng Chu, Li Song, Liang Zhang, Shi Tao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110993

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P2-type layered transition-metal oxides with high energy density and rich variety have attracted extensive attention for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in grid-scale energy storage application, but they usually suffer from sluggish kinetics and large volume change upon cycling. Herein, we designed a high-performance P2-type Na_0.67Ni_0.31Mn_0.67Mo_0.02O₂ (NNMMO) cathode with regulated electronic environment and Na⁺ zigzag ordering modulation via high-valence Mo⁶⁺ stabilization engineering. The achieved NNMMO cathode exhibits a high-rate capability with a reversible capacity of 77.2 mAh/g at 10 C and a long cycle life with a capacity retention of 75% at 2 C after 1000 cycles. In addition, in situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy characterizations verify that the presence of Mo⁶⁺ also stabilizes the desodiated structure through a pinning effect, achieving an extremely low volume change of 1.04% upon Na⁺ extraction. The quantified diffusional analysis and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Mo⁶⁺-doping improves the Na⁺ diffusion kinetics, optimizes the energy band structure and enhances the TM-O bond strength. Additionally, the as-fabricated pouch cells by paring NNMMO cathode and hard carbon anode show impressive cycling stability with an energy density of 296.7 Wh/kg. This study broadens the perspective for high-valence metal ion doping to obtain superior cathode materials and pave the way for developing high-energy-density SIBs.

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V₂CT_X MXene-derived ammonium vanadate with robust carbon skeleton for superior rate aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Xiaojun Wang, Yizhou Zhang, Linwei Guo, Jianwei Li, Peng Wang, Lei Yang, Zhiming Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111231

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Layered ammonium vanadate has become a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) due to its small mass and large ionic radius of ammonium ions as well as the consequent large layer spacing and high specific capacity. However, the irreversible de-ammoniation caused by N·H…O bonds damaged would impair cycle life of ZIBs and the strong electrostatic interaction between Zn²⁺ and V-O frame could slower the mobility of Zn²⁺. Furthermore, the thermal instability of ammonium vanadate also limits the use of common carbon coating modification method to solve the problem. Herein, V₂CT_X MXene was innovatively selected as a bifunctional source to in-situ derivatized (NH₄)₂V₈O₂₀·xH₂O with amorphous carbon-coated (NHVO@C) via one-step hydrothermal method in relatively moderate temperature. The amorphous carbon shell derived from the V₂CT_X MXene as a conductive framework to effectively improve the diffusion kinetics of Zn²⁺ and the robust carbon skeleton could alleviate the ammonium dissolution during long-term cycling. As a result, zinc ion batteries using NHVO@C as cathode exhibit superior electrochemical performance. Moreover, the assembled foldable or high loading (10.2 mg/cm²) soft-packed ZIBs further demonstrates its practical application. This study provided new insights into the development of the carbon cladding process for thermally unstable materials in moderate temperatures.

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Formamidine intercalation to broaden photoresponsive range in alternating-cations-interlayered hybrid perovskite

Yaru Geng, Ruiqing Li, Tingting Zhu, Xinling Li, Qianwen Guan, Huang Ye, Peng Wang, Junlin Li, Junhua Luo

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110216

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Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have been developed as promising candidates for photodetection, owing to their excellent semiconducting features and structural tunability. However, as an important parameter for photodetection, the photoresponsive range of 2D OIHPs is usually modulated by finite metal-halide combinations, constraining their further development. The emerging aromatic amine-based alternating-cations-interlayered (A-ACI) hybrid perovskites that exhibit excellent charge transport and additional interlayered structural designability, provide an extra solution for achieving ideal photoresponsive range. Herein, for the first time, the photoresponsive range is successfully broadened in A-ACI hybrid perovskites (NMA)₄(FA)₂Pb₃Br₁₂ (2) remolding from (NMA)₄(MA)₂Pb₃Br₁₂ (1) (NMA = N-methylbenzylaminium, FA = formamidinium and MA = methylammonium). Particularly, 1 and 2 adopt an unprecedented configuration that NMA and MA/FA are alternately arranged in the interlayer in a 4:2 manner. Importantly, 2 exhibits a narrower bandgap than 1, which can be ascribed to the low-lying conduct band composed of intercalation FA π* orbitals. Meanwhile, 2 possesses a shorter interlayer distance and flatter inorganic skeleton, synergistically facilitating the wider photo-absorption range and further endowing a broadening photoresponsive range (70 nm). This research not only enriches the perovskite family but also provides insights into structure-property relationships.

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Amorphous/crystalline AgS@CoS core@shell catalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Yangping Zhang, Tianpeng Liu, Jun Yu, Zhengying Wu, Dongqiong Wang, Yukou Du

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110275

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The core@shell structure materials with the synergistic effect have been confirmed as promising catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the conventional catalysts with crystalline phase suffer from deficient active sites, elemental dissolution, and structural collapse during OER catalysis, which results in the limited OER performance. Herein, we introduced the amorphous phase structure by controllable wet-chemical sulfuration strategy, thus to prepare the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) AgS@CoS core@shell catalysts. Benefitting from the core@shell construction with synergistic interaction, a/c heterophase with well-balanced catalytic activity and stability, favorable sulfides components with positive oxysulfide reconstructed layer formation, the optimized AgS@CoS-2 catalysts displayed superior OER catalytic behaviors with a low overpotential of 260 mV and Tafel slope of 64.4 mV/dec on the current density of 10 mA/cm², surpassing the counterpart catalysts and commercial RuO₂ catalysts. Meanwhile, the AgS@CoS-2 catalysts possessed remarkable OER catalytic stability, as well as the favorable overall water splitting performance.

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Interlayer interactions and electron transfer effects on sodium adsorption on 2D heterostructures surfaces

Huifang Ma, Tao Xu, Saifei Yuan, Shujuan Li, Jiayao Wang, Yuping Zhang, Hao Ren, Shulai Lei

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110219

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Surface adsorption plays a crucial role in various natural and industrial processes, particularly in the field of energy storage. The adsorption of sodium atoms on 2D layered materials can significantly impact their performance as carriers and electrodes in ion batteries. While it is commonly acknowledged that pristine graphene is not favorable for sodium ion adsorption, the suitability of other 2D materials with similar honeycomb symmetry remains unclear. In this study, we employ systematic first-principles calculations to explore interlayer interactions and electron transfer effects on sodium adsorption on 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures (HTSs) surfaces. Our results demonstrate that sodium adsorption is energetically favorable on these substrates. Moreover, we find that the adsorption strength can be effectively tuned by manipulation of the electron accumulation or depletion of the layer directly interacting with the sodium atom. By stacking these layered materials with different electron abundancy to form vdW HTSs, the charge density of the substrate becomes tunable through interlayer charge transfer. In these vdW HTSs, the adsorption behavior of sodium is primarily controlled by the absorption layer and exhibits a linear correlation with its p_z-band center. Additionally, we identify linear correlations between the sodium adsorption energies, the electron loss of the sodium atom, the interlayer charge transfer, and the heights of the adsorbed sodium atom. These discoveries underscore the impact of interlayer electron transfer and interactions on sodium ion adsorption on 2D vdW HTSs and providing new insights into material design for alkali atom adsorption.

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Solvent engineering in perovskite nanocrystal colloid inks for super-fine electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing of color conversion microstructures in micro-LED displays

Shuli Wang, Xuemin Kong, Siting Cai, Yunshu Luo, Yuxuan Gu, Xiaotong Fan, Guolong Chen, Xiao Yang, Zhong Chen, Yue Lin

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110976

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Super-fine electrohydrodynamic inkjet (SIJ) printing of perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) colloid ink exhibits significant potential in the fabrication of high-resolution color conversion microstructures arrays for full-color micro-LED displays. However, the impact of solvent on both the printing process and the morphology of SIJ-printed PNC color conversion microstructures remains underexplored. In this study, we prepared samples of CsPbBr₃ PNC colloid inks in various solvents and investigated the solvent's impact on SIJ printed PNC microstructures. Our findings reveal that the boiling point of the solvent is crucial to the SIJ printing process of PNC colloid inks. Only does the boiling point of the solvent fall in the optimal range, the regular positioned, micron-scaled, conical PNC microstructures can be successfully printed. Below this optimal range, the ink is unable to be ejected from the nozzle; while above this range, irregular positioned microstructures with nanoscale height and coffee-ring-like morphology are produced. Based on these observations, high-resolution color conversion PNC microstructures were effectively prepared using SIJ printing of PNC colloid ink dispersed in dimethylbenzene solvent.

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Fabricating AuAg-nanoparticles/ZIF-8 composites for selective detection and efficient extraction of dinitroaniline pesticides

Tianxia Chen, Yunhui Chen, Weiwei Li, Peipei Cen, Yan Guo, Jin Zhang, Cunding Kong, Xiangyu Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110214

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Developing candidate materials that are equipped with the ability of both selective detection and efficient removal of pesticides is greatly desirable for the environment and public health. However, most of reported materials usually possess single function, which considerably limits their applications as sensors or captures. Herein, two fluorescent composites, ZIF-8@AuAg NPs and ZIF-8-AuAg NPs, are prepared by the integration of Au/Ag nanoparticles (M NPs) and a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-8), presenting a more stable fluorescent performance compared with pure AuAg NPs. The characterizations unravel that ZIF-8@AuAg NPs exhibits a core shell type structure, whereas ZIF-8-AuAg NPs are indicative of a dispersed loading type motif. ZIF-8-AuAg NPs features a significant fluorescent quenching effect for three commonly used dinitroaniline pesticides in aqueous matrices. Then, pendimethalin (PDA) is selected as a representative of dinitroaniline pesticides to thoroughly develop the potential applications in the fields of detection and extraction. Impressively, ZIF-8-AuAg NPs made of ZIF-8 shell embedded with AuAg NPs can achieve fluorescence sensing for PDA in a low concentration range with the limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 nmol/L from aqueous solution and agricultural products, attributed to the combination of competition mechanism and electron transfer. Moreover, ZIF-8-AuAg NPs possesses high adsorption capacity of 125 mg/g for PDA at pH 6, depending on the synergistic effect of unique structural frameworks, coordinative interaction and hydrogen bond. The design for present hybrid composites provides a facile strategy to develop difunctional luminescent adsorbents with the merits of selective detection and effective absorption of dinitroaniline pesticides.

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Realizing self-powered broadband photodetection with low detection limit in a trilayered perovskite ferroelectric

Changsheng Yang, Yuhang Jiang, Panpan Yu, Shiguo Han, Shihai You, Zeng-Kui Zhu, Zihao Yu, Junhua Luo

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110218

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Two-dimensional perovskite ferroelectric which strongly couple ferroelectricity with semiconducting properties are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate self-powered broadband photodetectors with low detection limit. Herein, we successfully realized self-powered broadband photodetection with low detection limit by using a trilayered perovskite ferroelectric (BA)₂EA₂Pb₃I₁₀ (1, BA = n-butylamine, EA = ethylamine). Giving to its large spontaneous polarization (5.6 μC/cm²), 1 exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 0.25 V which provide driving force to separate carriers. Combining with its low dark current (～10^-14 A) and narrow bandgap (E_g = 1.86 eV), 1 demonstrates great potential on detecting the broadband weak lights. Thus, a prominent photodetection performance with high open-off ratio (～10⁵), outstanding responsivity (>10 mA/W), and promising detectivity (>10¹¹ Jones), as well as the low detecting limit (～nW/cm²) among the wide wavelength from 377 nm to 637 nm was realized based on the single crystal of 1. This work demonstrates the great potential of 2D perovskite ferroelectric on self-powered broadband photodetectors.

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In situ nanoscale insights into the interfacial degradation of Zn metal anodes

Jiao Wang, Shuang-Yan Lang, Zhen-Zhen Shen, Gui-Xian Liu, Rui Wen

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110308

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Zn metal batteries are highly attractive because of their high theoretical specific capacity, intrinsic safety and resource availability. However, further development is significantly hindered by low Coulomb efficiency, which is closely linked to reaction processes occurring at electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Herein, we have achieved a real-time visualization and comprehensive analysis of the interfacial evolution of Zn metal anode via in situ AFM in organic and aqueous electrolytes, respectively. The processes of uneven nucleation, dendrite growth, the ZnO formation and the dissolution of Zn substrate are directly probed in aqueous electrolyte, which induces interfacial deterioration and ultimately results in battery failure. In organic electrolyte, the in situ observations show that the homogeneous nuclei form on the Zn surface to induce the dendrite-free deposition, however, exhibiting poor Zn plating/stripping reversibility. This work delves into the dynamic evolution and electrochemical behaviors regulated by solvents, which provides in-depth understanding of structure-reactivity correlations and further interfacial engineering.

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Structural tuning and reconstruction of CeO₂-coupled nickel selenides for robust water oxidation

Kailu Guo, Jinzhi Jia, Huijiao Wang, Ziyu Hao, Yinjian Chen, Ke Shi, Haixia Wu, Cailing Xu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110888

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Heterogeneous catalysts have attracted wide attention due to their remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) capabilities. Herein, a one-step strategy involving the coupling of Ni_xSe_y with CeO₂ is proposed to concurrently construct heterogeneous interfaces, adjust phase structure, and regulate electronic configuration, thereby enhancing OER performance. Thanks to the role of CeO₂ coupling in reducing the activation-energy and accelerating the reaction kinetics, the heterogeneous Ni_xSe_y/CeO₂ catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 218 mV at 10 mA/cm² and long-term stability (>400 h) in 1.0 mol/L KOH for OER. Moreover, the post-OER characterization reveals that the Ni_xSe_y matrix is reconstructed into NiOOH, while the incorporated CeO₂ nanocrystals self-assemble into larger polycrystalline particles. Theoretical analysis further demonstrates that the optimized electronic states at NiOOH/CeO₂ interfaces can modulate intermediate chemisorption toward favorable OER kinetics. This study offers fresh perspectives on the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of CeO₂-coupled electrocatalysts.

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Unraveling the microscopic origin of out of plane magnetic anisotropy in VI₃

Ke Xu, Shulai Lei, Panshuo Wang, Weiyi Wang, Yuan Feng, Junsheng Feng

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110257

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Intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors have attracted extensive attentions for their potential applications in next-generation spintronics devices. In recent years, the van der Waals material VI₃ has been experimentally found to be an intrinsic FM semiconductor. However, the electronic structure of the VI₃ is not fully understood. To reveal why the VI₃ is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with strong out-of-plane anisotropy, we systematically studied the electronic structure of the monolayer VI₃. Our results confirm that the monolayer VI₃ is a Mott insulator, and d² electrons occupy a_g and e_g^π+ orbitals. The half-metallic state is a metastable state with a total energy 0.7 eV higher than the ferromagnetic Mott insulating state. Furthermore, our study confirmed that the VI₃ exhibits the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, which originates from d² electrons occupying low-lying a_g and e_g^π+ orbitals. Since the orbital angular momentum of the e_g^π+ state is not completely quenched, the VI₃ has the out-of-plane anisotropy under interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and crystal field. Our study provides valuable guidance for the design of 2D magnetic materials with pronounced out-of-plane anisotropy.

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[1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine as regulating unit with high horizontal orientation for efficient non-doped blue OLEDs with negligible efficiency roll-off

Guoxi Yang, Hongji Tan, Jieji Zhu, Qingxiao Tong, Jingxin Jian, Zhihai Yang, Deli Li, Denghui Liu, Shijian Su

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111138

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Abundant efforts have been devoted to improving the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), however, approaches to control the device efficiency roll-off are still extremely limited, especially in non-doped blue OLEDs. In this work, three blue emitters (TAT, TAMT and TAMT-CN) with "hot exciton" properties are designed and synthesized based on [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (TP) as a regulating unit as well as anthracene-triphenylamine (An-TPA) as the chromophore. By adjusting the linkage mode and modifying the TP unit, the excited state properties, carrier transfer abilities, horizontal orientation, and device efficiency roll-off were precisely controlled. Among these materials, emitters that directly connect the fused TP unit exhibit balanced charge-transporting ability, higher photoluminescent quantum yield and improved horizontal orientation, resulting in better electroluminescence (EL) performance in non-doped blue OLEDs. As a result, non-doped blue OLEDs exhibit excellent performance with external quantum efficiencies of over 6%, brightness of over 30,000 cd/m² and EL peaks of around 476 nm. More importantly, the device based on TAMT-CN exhibits an ultra-low efficiency roll-off of 2.97% at a high brightness of 10,000 cd/m². The accessible molecular unit and feasible design strategy in this work are of great significance for designing highly efficient and ultra-low efficiency roll-off non-doped blue OLEDs.

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MALDI and MALDI-2 mass spectrometry imaging contribute to revealing the alternations in lipid metabolism in germinating soybean seeds

Peisi Xie, Jing Chen, Yongjun Xia, Zongwei Cai

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110595

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Seed germination plays a pivotal role in plant growth and undergoes many intricate biochemical changes including lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, little is known about lipid changes and distributions in different structures of soybean seeds during germination. Here, we applied mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in conjunction with MS-based lipidomics to examine the lipid alterations in the embryo and cotyledon of soybean seeds during germination. To expand the coverage of lipid detection in soybean seeds, we used the novel techniques of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and MALDI coupled with laser-postionization (MALDI-2). The results revealed that compared to MALDI, MALDI-2 enhanced the detected numbers and intensities of lipid species in various lipid classes, except for a few classes (e.g., sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine). Lipidomic data showed that compared to the embryo, the cotyledon demonstrated slower but similar lipid changes during germination. These changes included the reduced levels of glycerolipids, phospholipids, and sterols, as well as the increased levels of lysophospholipids. Data from MALDI&MALDI-2 MSI supported and complemented these lipidomic findings. Our work highlights the significance of integrating lipid profiles and distributions to enhance our understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in seed germination.

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Facile synthesis of single-crystal 3D covalent organic frameworks as stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation

Qiuting Zhang, Fan Wu, Jin Liu, Hang Su, Yanhui Zhong, Zian Lin

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110649

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance. Herein, single-crystal three-dimensional (3D) COFs with regular morphology, good monodispersity and high specific surface area, were used as a stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The single-crystal 3D COFs packed column not only exhibits high efficiency in separating hydrophobic molecules involving substituted benzenes, halogenated benzenes, halogenated nitrobenzenes, aromatic amines, aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), but also achieves baseline separation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with similar physical and chemical properties as well as environmental pollutants, which cannot be quickly separated on commercial C18 column and a polycrystalline 3D COFs packed column. Especially, the column efficiency of 17303-24255 plates/m was obtained for PAEs, and the resolution values for acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, and carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZEP) were 1.7 and 2.2, respectively. This successful application not only confirmed the great potential of the single-crystal 3D COFs in HPLC separation of the organic molecules, but also facilitates the application of COFs in separation science.

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Nanofluidic ion rectification sensor for enantioselective recognition and detection

Chong Wang, Hao Xie, Rulan Xia, Xuewei Liao, Jin Wang, Huajun Yang, Chen Wang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110642

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Enantiomer identification is of paramount industrial value and physiological significance. Construction of sensitive chiral sensors with high enantiomeric discrimination ability is highly desirable. In this work, a chiral covalent organic framework/anodic aluminum oxide (c-COF/AAO) membrane was prepared for electrochemical enantioselective recognition and sensing. Benefiting from the remarkable asymmetry, the as-prepared nanofluidic c-COF/AAO presents a distinct ion current rectification (ICR) characteristic, enabling sensitive bioanalysis. In addition, owing to the large surface area, high chemical stability and perfect ion selectivity of chiral COF, the prepared c-COF/AAO membrane presents exceptionally selective mass transport and thereby enables excellent chiral discrimination for S-/R-Naproxen (S-/R-Npx) enantiomers. It is especially noteworthy that the detection limit is achieved as low as 3.88 pmol/L. These results raise the possibility for a facile, stable and low-cost method to carry out sensitive enantioselective recognition and detection.

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Highly stable and antifouling solid-contact ion-selective electrode for K⁺ detection in complex system based on multifunctional peptide and conductive MOF

Xianghua Zeng, Weichen Meng, Xiaochun Han, Jiachen Yang, Kaiqi Wu, Fengxian Gao, Xiliang Luo

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110564

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An all-solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE) for the detection of potassium ions in complex media was developed based on functional peptides with both antibacterial and antifouling properties. While exhibiting unique antifouling property, the ISE capitalized on the high surface area of the conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) solid transducer layer to facilitate rapid ion-electron transfer, consequently improving the electrode stability. For a short period, the application of a ±1 nA current to the ISE resulted in a slight potential drift of 2.5 μV/s, while for a long-term stability test, the ISE maintained a stable Nernstian response slope over 8 days. The antifouling and antibacterial peptide effectively eradicated bacteria from the electrode surface while inhibited the adhesion of bacteria and other biological organisms. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results indicated that the incorporation of peptides in the sensing membrane did not compromise the detection performance of the ISE. The prepared antifouling potassium ion-selective electrode exhibited a Nernstian response range spanning from 1.0×10^–8 mol/L to 1.0×10^–3 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.51 nmol/L. Crucially, the prepared solid-contact ISE maintained excellent antifouling and sensing capabilities in actual seawater and human urine, indicating a promising feasibility of this strategy for constructing ISEs suitable for practical application in complex systems.

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Bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array for rapid and robust identification of bacteria

Ting Huang, Xiaohua Zhu, Meiling Liu, Haitao Li, Youyu Zhang, Yang Liu, Shouzhuo Yao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110530

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Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis. Herein, a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-color-emitting antimicrobial functional carbon dots (FCDs) and concanavalin A doped polydopamine nanoparticles (ConA-PDA) for identification of bacteria. In this sensor, the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was quenched by the ConA-PDA. Upon addition different types of bacteria, the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was restored or further quenched. Recur to statistical analysis methods, it is employed to accurately discriminate 10 types of bacteria (including three probiotics and seven pathogenic bacteria) in natural water samples and human urine samples. The discrimination ability of the sensor array was highly enhanced via different competing binding of the FCDs and the bacteria toward ConA-PDA. The proposed array-based method offers a rapid, high-throughput, and reliable sensing platform for pathogen diagnosis in the field of environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.

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Engineering Cl vacancies in lead-free halide double perovskites decorated on TiO₂ nanotubes for highly sensitive NO₂ sensing at room temperature

Keke Li, Haiquan Wang, Zhen-Kun He, Yan-Yan Song, Zhida Gao, Chenxi Zhao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110610

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The sensitive and selective monitoring of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) can have a significant impact on environmental monitoring and health protection. Unfortunately, commercial NO₂ sensors largely suffer from poor detection sensitivity and high operating temperatures. In this study, we developed a sensitive room-temperature NO₂ sensor based on an n-n heterojunction comprised of a Cs₂AgInCl₆ perovskite with chlorine vacancies (V_Cl) and TiO₂ nanotube arrays (V_Cl-Cs₂AgInCl₆/TiO₂ NTs). In this design, the large number of chlorine vacancies in the Cs₂AgInCl₆ perovskite act as active sites for oxygen adsorption and the subsequent sensing reaction. Benefitting from the formation of the n-n type heterojunction and the one-dimensional structure of the TiO₂ nanotubes, the Fermi levels are aligned, thereby facilitating the efficient transport of charge carriers between the target gas and the sensing interface. The resulting V_Cl-Cs₂AgInCl₆/TiO₂ NTs demonstrate a high response of 7.26 toward 1 ppm of NO₂ at room temperature, possess a detection limit as low as 20 ppb, and have outstanding performance stability. This work widens the application of perovskite materials and indicates their potential application in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and smart sensing systems.

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Molybdenum carbide activated calcium sulfite for antibiotic decontamination at near-neutral pH: Dissolved oxygen promoted bisulfite adsorption for singlet oxygen generation

Mimi Wu, Shoufeng Tang, Zhibin Wang, Qingrui Zhang, Deling Yuan

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110613

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Common activations of sulfite (S(IV))-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilized metal ions and oxides as catalysts, which are constrained by challenges in catalyst recovery, inadequate stability, and susceptibility to secondary pollution in application. Calcium sulfite (CaSO₃), one of the byproducts of flue gas desulfurization, is of interest in AOPs because of its ability to slowly release S(IV), low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, a heterogenous activator, molybdenum carbide (Mo₂C) was selected to stimulate CaSO₃ for typical antibiotic elimination. Benefiting from the dissociation form of HSO₃^- from CaSO₃ and improved electron transfer of Mo₂C at pH 6, the simulated target metronidazole (MTZ) can be removed by 85.65% with rate constant of 0.02424 min^-1 under near-neutral circumstance. The combining determinations of quenching test, electron spin resonance spectrum, and reactive species probe demonstrated singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and sulfate radicals played leading role for MTZ decontamination. Characterization and theoretical calculation suggested the alteration of Mo valence state drove the activation of S(IV), and revealed that dissolved oxygen promoted the adsorption of HSO₃^- on the surface of Mo₂C, then facilitating production of ¹O₂. The favorable stability and applicability for Mo₂C/CaSO₃ process indicated an applied prospect in actual pharmaceutical wastewater.

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Weak electric field promotes anaerobic granular sludge formation to enhance medium-chain fatty acids synthesis

Wei-Tong Ren, Tian Lan, Zi-Lin He, Hua-Zhe Wang, Lin Deng, Shan-Shan Ye, Qing-Lian Wu, Wan-Qian Guo

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110563

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Granular sludges can resist the toxicity inhibition of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and enhance the chain elongation (CE) process. However, the granulation process is time-consuming and requires a suitable facilitating granulation mean. This study proposed two continuous fed Expanded Granular Sludge Bed bioreactors, one with electric field (EF) and one without, to demonstrate the promotion of sludge granulation by EF and the enhancement of MCFAs production efficiency by the anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS). Through more than 50 days of operation, the EF was demonstrated to be able to promote the granulation, and the formed AnGS enhanced MCFAs yield by 36%. Besides, mechanism analysis indicated that the EF promoted microbial aggregation and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) synthesis, which enabled AnGS to form more easily. Besides, AnGS formed with EF improved extracellular electron transfer capacity and microbial function activity, which also contributed to the production of more MCFAs. Overall, this study provides a method to facilitate AnGS granulation and revealed the underlying mechanisms, and offers important support for the diverse applications of AnGS in other bioresources recovery bioprocesses.

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Theoretical insight into the active sites for chlorobenzene oxidation: From phosphate to M₃ clusters

Jin Li, Xin Chen, Aling Chen, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Dengsong Zhang

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110527

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Chlorobenzene is a model molecule for researching harmful chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Designing the chemical adsorption site for complex molecules such as chlorobenzene is challenging without a large dataset and reasonable descriptors. Here, the adsorption of chlorobenzene on a phosphorylated CeO₂ catalyst was analyzed using density functional theory calculations. Three different surface phosphate (H_xPO₄) models were constructed and used to adsorb chlorobenzene. An orbital interaction with fully occupied antibonding is found in one of three physical adsorptions. Based on this, the surface sites of a tri-cluster (M₃) located at the CeO₂ surface have been suggested to activate chlorobenzene. Three different clusters have been tested, namely Fe₃, Ru₃, and B₃. All these clusters can activate and twist chlorobenzene by donating electrons. Fe₃ and Ru₃ form bonds with weak covalent and strong ionic characters, while B₃ forms strong covalent bonds between boron and carbon. This work not only predicts a class of sites for chlorobenzene activation that may prevent polychlorinated by-products but also gives a template for catalyst rational design according to fundamental catalytic theory.

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In-situ reconstructed Cu/NiO nanosheets synergistically boosting nitrate electroreduction to ammonia

Zunjie Zhang, Mengran Liu, Bingcheng Ge, Tianfang Yang, Shuaitong Wang, Yang Liu, Shuyan Gao

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110657

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Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO₃^-) serves as an eco-friendly friendly alternative to the conventional Haber-Bosch ammonia (NH₃) synthesis process. The Cu electrocatalyst is widely recognized for its strong adsorption capacity towards nitrate, but its limited H adsorption and slow hydrogenation of oxynitride intermediates hinder the efficiency of converting NO₃^- into NH₃. Herein, a series of nanocomposite catalysts composed of CuO nanostructure with low NiO content that grow in-situ on carbon paper (CuO/NiO_x-CP) were synthesized via hydrothermal method and calcination for enhanced nitrate electroreduction utilizing the strong nitrate adsorption capacity of copper and excellent water dissociation ability of NiO to supply hydrogen free radicals (^·H). In-situ Raman spectroscopy reveals dynamic reconstruction of Cu/NiO_x during the electrochemical nitrate reduction process from CuO/NiO_x. Due to the synergistic effect of Cu and NiO, a high Faradaic efficiency (FE, ～97.9%) and yield rate (YR, 391.5 μmol h^-1 cm^-2) of ammonia are achieved on CuO/NiO_2.3%-CP. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) proves that the presence of NiO enhances the generation of ^·H, which can be rapidly consumed during nitrate reduction process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the activation energy of NiO (0.57 eV) is much lower than Cu (0.84 eV) for water splitting to generate ^·H, thus facilitating *NO hydrogenations. This drives us to create more effective catalysts for nitrate reduction under neutral conditions by promoting H₂O dissociation.

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Removal of bisphenol a through peroxymonosulfate activation with N-doped graphite carbon spheres coated cobalt nanoparticles catalyst: Synergy of nonradicals

Huiyuan Deng, Na Zhao, Junjie You, Zhicheng Pan, Bo Xing, Yuling Ye, Bo Lai, Yuxi Wang, Tongrui Lu, Xiaonan Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110650

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N-doped graphite carbon sphere coated cobalt nanoparticle catalyst (Co@C-N-900), prepared by solvothermal-calcination method, is applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for bisphenol A (BPA) elimination. The outcomes demonstrate that the Co@C-N-900 could effectively activate PMS, thereby causing efficient removal of BPA in water. In addition, the Co@C-N-900/PMS system also has the advantages of low metal leaching, applicability in high salinity environments, good selectivity and stability. Further investigations using electron paramagnetic resonance, chronoamperometry, and quenching experiments demonstrated that the Co@C-N-900/PMS system is a typical non-radical route with singlet oxygen (¹O₂) as the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). Density functional theory calculations (DFT) indicate that N-doping can effectively regulate the charge distribution on the catalyst surface, generating acidic/alkaline sites favorable for PMS adsorption and activation. Furthermore, it also can enhance the interaction and charge transfer capacity between the Co@C-N-900 and PMS. Lastly, LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed two possible BPA degradation pathways: (1) ¹O₂ attacked the isopropyl group in BPA between the two phenyl groups, causing β-scission to occur. (2) Following the oxidation of the hydroxyl group in the aromatic ring of BPA, ¹O₂ could cause further β-scission. The prepared Co@C-N-900 catalyst is a very promising catalyst, which would offer a workable remedy for treating water pollution.

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Porous cathode enables continuous flow anodic oxidation for water purification: Performance and mechanisms

Runsheng Xu, Haotian Wu, Daoyuan Zu, Kui Yang, Xiangtong Kong, Jinxing Ma

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110517

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Flow anodic oxidation system has demonstrated to be a promising and environmental benign water treatment technology because of its advantages of high contaminant removal efficiency and low energy consumption. However, traditional setup needs an external unit for flow anode material separation and recovery, which inevitably increases the capital cost and hinders its continuous operation. Herein, a specific porous cathode is introduced to achieve continuous water purification with high contaminant removal in a flow anodic oxidation system. The effluent concentration of carbamazepine (CBZ), a common and model contaminant widely detected in natural water environment, was reduced by 99%. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and quenching tests demonstrated that HO^· was the dominant reactive species. While the removal of contaminants was inhibited in practical surface water, largely related to the quenching by dissolved organic matter and bicarbonate, the flow anodic oxidation process was competent in alleviating the ecotoxicity following oxidation. Our study constructs a modular device for cost-effective continuous water purification and provides insight into the mechanisms of flow andic oxidation.

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Dual S-Scheme g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₅ photocatalysts for removal of tetracycline pollutants through enhanced molecular oxygen activation

Futao Yi, Ying Liu, Yao Chen, Jiahao Zhu, Quanguo He, Chun Yang, Dongge Ma, Jun Liu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110544

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A dual S-scheme g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₅ heterojunction was prepared by decomposition methods, and it displayed enhanced performance to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride with the ideal stability under different water substrates and ions. Comparing with three single components, as g-C₃N₄, g-C₃N₅, and Ag₃PO₄, the dual S-scheme g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₅ heterojunction displayed 4.4-, 3.4-, and 2.5-times enhancements in the tetracycline hydrochloride removal. Based on the dynamics analyses for charge carriers and band structure calculations, two channels of molecular oxygen activation (MOA) between Ag₃PO₄ and g-C₃N₄ (and g-C₃N₅) were confirmed. More importantly, according to this double consumption process of excited electrons, dual S-scheme g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/g-C₃N₅ could suppress the charge recombination, which was the key point to boosting photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the determination of intermediates also supported the vital role of MOA during these photocatalytic reactions. this report of two reactive sites in MOA that generate reactive oxygen species in a “V” type band structure. The electronic dynamic in the reaction was also testified by several detections, indicating the enhanced charge separation and migration from internal field effect and electron trapping from dual S-scheme mechanism. This work provides a new research direction for the design and mechanism analysis of dual S-scheme photocatalysts

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Application of catalyst Cu-t-ZrO₂ based on the electronic metal-support interaction in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction

Doudou Liu, Weiwei Guo, Guoliang Mei, Youpeng Dan, Rong Yang, Chao Huang, Yanling Zhai, Xiaoquan Lu

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 110578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110578

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A novel Cu-t-ZrO₂ catalyst with enhanced electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) is designed for efficient electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate (NO₃^-) to ammonia (NH₃), achieving a remarkable Faradaic efficiency and yield rate of 97.54% and 33.64 mg h^-1 mg_cat^-1, respectively. Electrons are more likely to be transferred from Cu to t-ZrO₂ at the electron-rich interface due to the lower work function, which promotes the formation of highly active Cu species and facilitates NO₃^- adsorption, ensuring selective conversion into NH₃.

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Corrigendum to “The complexation of insulin with sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]-caprylate for enhanced oral delivery: Effects of concentration, ratio, and pH” [Chinese Chemical Letters 33 (2022) 1889-1894]

Huixian Weng, Lefei Hu, Lei Hu, Yihan Zhou, Aohua Wang, Ning Wang, Wenzhe Li, Chunliu Zhu, Shiyan Guo, Miaorong Yu, Yong Gan

中国化学快报. 2025, 36(08): 111316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111316

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2025年, 第36卷, 第08期　刊出日期：2025-08-22