中国化学快报

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Supramolecular catalysis enabled by chiral molecular cages with anion-π interaction capability

Jinchen Li, Tangxin Xiao, Kai Diao, Zhouyu Wang, Leyong Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111796

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Boosting the intermittent alkaline seawater electrolysis stability up to 10,000 h via in-situ formation of dynamically passivating structures

Bo Chen, Peiyu Duan, Ying Zhang, Lianhui Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111638

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Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zijie Lin, Qing Li

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111784

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Antibacterial agrochemicals: Recent research progress and outlook

Shaobo Wang, Honggui Yang, Chunni Zhao, Deyu Hu, Baoan Song

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111543

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Plant bacterial diseases cause significant harm to agricultural production because of their frequent, intermittent and regional outbreaks. Currently, chemical control is still a more effective method for bacterial disease. To develop new, efficient and safe antibacterial agrochemicals, we summarize the research progress of compounds with antibacterial activities in the past ten years, classify them according to their active skeletons, and discuss their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. Finally, the development trend of antibacterial agrochemicals was prospected. This review provides valuable information for the development of antibacterial agrochemicals.

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Advances in organoelectrochemical copper-catalyzed reactions

Pan Zhou, Ting Zou, Hong-Jian Song, Yu-Xiu Liu, Qing-Min Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111673

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The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals, where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states. Among these transition metal catalysts, electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention. This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates, which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds, C-H bond activation, C-C and C-X bond activation, and so on.

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Csp²-H functionalization as an efficient catalytic route to carbazoles

Giulia Brufani, Edoardo Bazzica, Yanlong Gu, Francesco Mauriello, Luigi Vaccaro

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111545

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Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry, significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold. Catalyzed direct Csp²-H functionalization provides an effective and cost-efficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials, ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy. This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp²-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.

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Recent development in radical cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles

Saima Perveen, Lulu Qin, Min Zhao, Zhengwei Ding, Yingying Wang, Zaicheng Nie, Pengfei Li

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111886

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Radical cycloaddition reactions (RCRs) are highly effective methods for constructing complex carbo- and heterocycles, which are frequently encountered in natural products that exhibit intriguing biological properties and hold significant potential for applications in medicinal chemistry. Radical-mediated cycloaddition strategies, which recycle radical character, are particularly appealing because they require only a catalytic amount of reagent and promise reactions with theoretically high atom economy. This review focuses on recent developments and synthetic applications in RCRs, with an emphasis on visible light-induced radical photocycloaddition reactions (RPCRs), transition metal-catalyzed approaches, and small molecule-catalyzed methods. By highlighting some outstanding innovations and addressing current challenges, this review aims to identify potential areas for improvement. These advancements will provide more efficient pathways for the synthesis of natural product molecules and offer valuable insights for the development of new synthetic methodologies.

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Interlocked covalent organic cages: Design, synthesis, and self-assembly

Bin Yao, Yao Bu, Hongfei Sun, Guowang Li, Xianying Wu, Wei Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111894

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Interlocked covalent organic cages have aesthetic skeletons endowed with structural and topological complexity. Their self-assembly provides a unique possibility to mimic the hierarchical self-assembly of biomacromolecules. In recent years, significant progresses in interlocked covalent organic cages have been witnessed. Different topological structures have been fabricated via various non-template induced methods, and diverse weak interactions are demonstrated to play critical roles in guiding the formation of interlocked structures. Therefore, this article systematically summarizes the recent advances in interlocked covalent organic cages, especially their design, synthesis, and self-assembly properties. Depending on different types of chemical reactions, irreversible and reversible reactions are separately introduced. In each section, proper monomer selection, critical topology design, key driving forces as well as detailed interlocked mechanisms for the formation of interlocked structures, and their self-assembly behaviors in single crystals are discussed detailedly. Finally, the challenge and future development of interlocked covalent organic cages are briefly prospected.

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Optical lateral flow immune assay technology for body fluid sensing

Chen Liu, Tianqi Zhao, Jialing Zhou, Xiaoyun Hu, Dinghao Pan, Jinlong Li, Wei Li, Zhihui Dai

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110967

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Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay (LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis. LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid detection. Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids. Despite the significant progress, rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations, such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect. New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence, afterglow, and chemiluminescence. Herein, we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources. Moreover, the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.

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Engineering stimuli-responsive block copolymers for multimodal bioimaging

Lizhuang Zhong, Ming Liu, Shilong Su, Dongxin Zeng, Jing Hu, Zhiqian Guo

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111512

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The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents, including suboptimal sensitivity, off-target biodistribution, and inherent cytotoxicity. These limitations have catalyzed the development of intelligent stimuli-responsive block copolymers-based bioimaging agents, which was engineered to dynamically respond to endogenous biochemical cues (e.g., pH gradients, redox potential, enzyme activity, hypoxia environment) or exogenous physical triggers (e.g., photoirradiation, thermal gradients, ultrasound (US)/magnetic stimuli). Through spatiotemporally controlled structural transformations, stimuli-responsive block copolymers enable precise contrast targeting, activatable signal amplification, and theranostic integration, thereby substantially enhancing signal-to-noise ratios of bioimaging and diagnostic specificity. Hence, this mini-review systematically examines molecular engineering principles for designing pH-, redox-, enzyme-, light-, thermo-, and US/magnetic-responsive polymers, with emphasis on structure-property relationships governing imaging performance modulation. Furthermore, we critically analyze emerging strategies for optical imaging, US synergies, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multimodal bioimaging has also been elaborated, which could overcome the inherent trade-offs between resolution, penetration depth, and functional specificity in single-modal approaches. By elucidating mechanistic insights and translational challenges, this mini-review aims to establish a design framework of stimuli-responsive block copolymers-based for high fidelity bioimaging agents and accelerate their clinical translation in precise diagnosis and therapy.

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Cyclodextrin-based nanotherapeutics: A promising strategy for enhanced cancer therapy

Menglin Zhang, Fanpeng Ran, Yun Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Zhigang Xu, Xiaoxiao Shi

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111232

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The development of highly effective therapeutics is a priority in addressing the escalating threat that cancer poses to human health. Cyclodextrins (CDs) with exceptional biocompatibility and devisable structural hierarchy are emerging as versatile building blocks for engineered drug delivery systems, showing a promising prospect in cancer therapy. CDs enable precise synthesis of functionalized polymers with tailored architectures, endowing their excellent stability and large surface area to prolong drug circulation, enhance solubility, and increase targeting efficiency. Recently, CD-based nanotherapeutics has shown transformative potential in chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and other co-delivery systems of combination therapy. This review will introduce the types of CD-based nanotherapeutics, systematically summarize their design methods and anticancer application, and further discuss the prospects and challenges, providing a roadmap for advancing CD nanotechnology toward cancer therapeutics.

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Chitosan as oral absorption enhancer and inhibitor: A comprehensive review

Sajid Hussain, Omer M. A. Dagah, Essam A. M. S Obaid, Peng Jin, Ovas Ahmed Dar, Muhammd Irfan, Yiming Qi, Qinghua Wu, Ming Jin, Tengli Zhang, Lei Luo

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111273

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Chitosan (CS), a natural polymer derived from chitin found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, has garnered significant interest in the pharmaceutical field due to its unique properties, including biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, various studies have reported that CS can affect drug bioavailability, and interestingly, it works as an oral absorption enhancer and inhibitor. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying such a phenomenon and supports its application as a pharmaceutical excipient. CS enhances oral drug absorption through various mechanisms, such as interaction with the intestinal mucosa, tight junction modulation, inhibition of efflux transporters, enzyme inhibition, solubility and stability enhancement, and complexation. On the other side, CS exhibits the ability to inhibit the absorption of certain drugs by adsorbing to lipids and sterols, modulating bile acids and gut microbiota, altering drug-cell interaction at the polar interface, and mucus-mediated entrapment and interference. Future potential pharmaceutical research in this field includes elucidating the underneath absorption relevant mechanisms, rational use in formulations as excipient, exploring functional CS derivatives, and developing CS-based drug delivery systems. This comprehensive review highlights CS's versatile and significant role in enhancing and inhibiting oral drug absorption, providing insights into the complexities of drug delivery and the potential of CS to improve therapeutic outcomes.

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Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the therapy of malignant pleural effusion

Yiyao Wan, Wen Chen, Yan Yu, Meng Pan, Kun Shi, Zhiyong Qian

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111513

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Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present. However, traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects and can easily lead to drug resistance in patients. The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of MPE directly reduces the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy. Fortunately, drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on biomaterials have the ability to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments by improving drug stability, increasing the accuracy of tumor cell targeting, reducing toxic side effects, and remodeling TME, ultimately improving drug efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of the latest progress in biomaterial-based DDSs for the treatment of MPE. We discuss the application of biomaterials in the treatment of MPE from multiple perspectives, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, combination therapy, and pleurodesis, where microspheres, cell membrane-derived microparticles (MPs), micelles, nanoparticles, and liposomes, are involved. The application of these biomaterials has been proven to have great potential in the treatment of MPE, providing a new idea for follow-up research.

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Advances in CNS drug delivery strategies to cross the blood-brain barrier

Guanlong Li, Zhuoyan Li, Yan Sun, Tiange Bu, Shaochuan Chen, Leixin Yang, Zhi Li, Wenyue Mao, Yanpeng Jia

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111524

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In recent years, development of strategies to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases has attracted extensive attention. A major obstacle in this field is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which significantly limits the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and hinders the treatment of CNS diseases. Overcoming the restrictive nature of the BBB has thus emerged as a key objective in CNS drug development. Nanomaterials have garnered growing interest due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential to traverse the BBB, enabling targeted drug delivery to brain tissue and improving therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we present current insights into the structure and function of the BBB and highlight a range of nanomaterial-based strategies for BBB penetration, including receptor-mediated transport (RMT), adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, reversible BBB disruption, and intranasal administration. Finally, we summarize recent advances in enhancing BBB permeability for CNS therapeutics and discuss persisting challenges, offering perspectives for future research in this field.

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Recent advances in drug delivery systems for pulmonary fibrosis therapy

Yan Yu, Cailing Gan, Kun Shi, Zhongwu Bei, Yang Yu, Meng Pan, Hanzhi Deng, Zhiyong Qian

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111596

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In recent years, different drugs therapies for treatment pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have gained much attention due to development of drug delivery technology and urgent clinical needs. PF treatment existed a variety of currently clinical problem but PF could be treated with different drugs potentially though drug delivery technology. This review systematically expounds its basic theory, various drug delivery technologies, and future development directions. In the introduction, the relationship between the pathological mechanism of PF and drug delivery, the basic principles of the drug delivery system and the biological barriers faced by pulmonary drug delivery are analyzed. This review details delivery of small molecule drug, macromolecular drug and cells, including chemical synthesis and natural small molecule drug delivery, as well as RNA and cell-based delivery. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of these drugs to treat PF delivery technologies are discussed and key aspects in the development of PF drugs are considered. We hoped that this review can provide comprehensive and in-depth theoretical reference and technical support for the drug treatment of PF.

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Remediation of characteristic contaminants in groundwater of chemical industrial by the activation of PMS: Recent developments and challenges-a mini-review

Yingnan Duan, Jinyu Liu, Qian Liu, Tianhao Li, Hexiang Zhao, Zhurui Shen

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111120

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Groundwater is a key part of the terrestrial ecosystem, but it is vulnerable to pollution in the context of chemical industry development. Treating contaminated groundwater is challenging due to its stable water quality, hidden contamination, and complex treatment requirements. Current research focuses on advanced treatment technologies, among which the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) of peroxomonosulfate (PMS) has great potential. Although there are many reviews of PMS-based AOP, most of them focus on surface water. This review aims to explore the activation reaction of PMS to groundwater by in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology, further study the reaction mechanism, compare the treatment effect of characteristic pollutants in the groundwater of the chemical industry park, propose new activation methods and catalyst selection, and provide guidance for future groundwater treatment research.

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How do nanomaterials influence the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environments?

Yun Bai, Shengnan Li, Shih-Hsin Ho

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111183

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Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^st century. Nanomaterials (NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures. Unfortunately, emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs. It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs. The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process. It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs, including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability, the formation of nanopores on membranes, promotion of mutagenesis, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Furthermore, the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated. The review aspires to guide future research directions, advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission, and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.

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Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of refractory organic pollutants in water: Mechanism of active species generation by modulating the photoanode micro-interface

Yuhao Ma, Yufei Zhou, Hongli Li, Cheng Fang, Mingchuan Yu, Shaoxia Yang, Junfeng Niu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111249

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The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies. Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions. This review delves into the advancements made in the field, focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode. Strategies, such as morphological control, element doping, introduction of surface oxygen vacancies, and construction of heterostructures, significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species, thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions. It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions. Despite its remarkable laboratory success, practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability, cost-effectiveness, and operational efficiency. Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.

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Recent advances in photocatalytic overall production of hydrogen peroxide from metal-free photocatalysts

Congxu Wang, Xuan Xie, Feng Qiu, Lei Zhu, Imran Shakir, Yuxi Xu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111604

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Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has been recognized as a green and nonpolluting multifunctional oxidant with extensive applications in environmental protection, metal etching, textile printing and dyeing, chemical synthesis and food processing. However, over 90 % of industrial H₂O₂ is currently produced through the multi-step anthraquinone oxidation process, which suffers from a process with some drawbacks such as complex, high-energy consumption, and toxic byproducts emissions. Compared to the traditional anthraquinone method, artificial photosynthesis of H₂O₂ using semiconductor photocatalysts has emerged as a sustainable alternative due to its use of water and O₂ as the clean reactants and sole energy as the driving force. In recent years, metal-free photocatalysts mainly including covalent organic frameworks (COFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and carbon nitrile (g-C₃N₄) have garnered significant interest due to their superior thermal and chemical stability, diverse synthesis methods, tunable functionality, light weight nature and non-toxicity. These materials also exhibit adjustable band structure and unique photoelectric properties. Sustainable efforts have been made to advance metal-free photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis of H₂O₂, however, a comprehensive summary of current research status on metal-free-based photocatalytic overall H₂O₂ production remain scarce. This review outlines recent process in overall H₂O₂ photosynthesis based on metal-free photocatalysts. First, we introduced the fundamental concepts of photocatalytic overall H₂O₂ production. Then, we analyze representative studies on photocatalytic overall H₂O₂ synthesis using metal-free materials. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in this field to guide the design and synthesis of metal-free systems for H₂O₂ generation.

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Gas-involved photo- and electro-catalysis roadmap towards 2030

Kezhen Qi, Zhidong Wei, Haibin Wang, Hongyan Liang, Dandan Ma, Jian-Wen Shi, Yifeng Li, Xuepeng Xiang, Yan Chen, Bo Yu, Chunchun Wang, Zhuo Xing, Claudio Imparato, Aurelio Bifulco, Daniil A. Lukyanov, Elena V. Alekseeva, Oleg V. Levin, M. I. Chebanenko, V. I. Popkov, Tan Zhang, Jinping Li, Guang Liu, Wei Li, Linlin Song, Rongzheng Ren, Zhenhua Wang, Jianmin Ma

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111661

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The catalytic transferred of small molecules into high-value chemical products in green methods are highly perused, and has obtained huge attention. In this field, great progress has been achieved during the past five years. Followed by the roadmap (Chinese Chemical Letters, 2019, 30, 2089-2109) written by us before five years, we think that it should be updated to give more insights in this field. Thus, we write the present roadmap based on the fast changed background. In this roadmap, oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction reactions (including at high temperature), photocatalytic hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction reactions, (photo)electrocatalytic reduction of O₂ to H₂O₂ and NH₃ generated from N₂ are discussed. The progress and challenges in above catalytic processes are given. We believe this manuscript will give the researchers more suggestions and help them to obtain useful information in this field.

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Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective [2σ + 2π] cycloadditions of vinyl-carbonyl-bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with arylidenemalononitriles

Tianzhu Qin, Weiwei Zi

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111072

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Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are structurally unique C(sp³)-rich bicyclic hydrocarbons that are gaining prominence in the field of medicinal chemistry as bioisosteres of benzenoids. The nitrile is an important functionality in drug development due to its ability to improve physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and facilitate potential noncovalent interactions with drug targets. Consequently, cyano-arene motifs are commonly found in drug development. The introduction of cyano-BCHs as potential bioisosteres of cyano-arenes shows great promise; however, there are currently no catalytic methods available for their synthesis. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective [2σ + 2π] cycloadditions of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with arylidenemalononitriles for the preparation of chiral cyano-BCHs. This method accommodated a wide range of substrates and tolerated various functional groups. The cyano-BCH products could be transformed to molecules with diverse functionality. Control experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via a zwitterionic intermediate generated by palladium-mediated ring opening of vinyl-carbonyl bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes followed by stereoselective 1,2-addition and intramolecular allylic substitution reactions.

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Photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer enabled three-component radical cascade reactions: Direct access to thioesters from primary alcohols, elemental sulfur and alkenes

Tingting Zhang, Jing Zhang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111131

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The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry. Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols, which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous, unstable sulfur sources. In this work, we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols, easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions. This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo- and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes, highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.

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Precise synthesis of ortho-deuterated aromatic derivatives: An arylthianthrenium salt-based platform approach

Yunhao Guan, Xia Peng, Rong Fan, Xiaoying Feng, Hongguang Du, Jiajing Tan

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111132

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The deuterium labeling has garnered significant interest in drug discovery due to its critical role on improving pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties. However, despite its pharmaceutical value, the general and rapid syntheses of aromatic scaffolds that contains deuterium remain an important yet elusive task. State-of-the-art approaches mainly relied on the transition metal-catalyzed C-H deuteration via the assistance of directing groups (DGs), which often suffered from over-deuteration and lengthy step counts required for installation and/or removal of DG. Herein, we report a generalizable synthetic linchpin strategy for the facile preparation of the ortho-deuterated aromatic core. Through capture of aryne-derived 1,3-zwitterion with heavy water, we synthesized an array of ortho-deuterated aryl sulfonium salts. These novel linchpins not only participated the transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction as nucleophiles, but also served as aryl radical reservoirs under photochemical or electrochemical conditions, enabling facile and precise access to structurally diverse deuterated aromatics. Moreover, we have disclosed a novel EDA complex enabled direct arylation of phosphines under visible-light irradiation, further expanding the utility of our platform approach.

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Construction of effective and recyclable non-noble metal coordination polymers and their multiple applications in water

Jiahao Li, Bin Pan, Anruo Mao, Likui Wang, Dawei Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111165

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Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of pyridinemethanol with ketones is one of the most reliable methodologies to access functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives. However, it is challenging to develop environmentally friendly catalytic systems, especially in constructing efficient and recyclable catalysts under water or solvent-free conditions. Here, we designed two novel coordination polymers Cd-CPs and Fe-CPs to investigate their catalytic performance in water. Gratifyingly, it was observed that Cd-CPs as a multifunctional catalyst was successfully applied to establish a universal pathway for direct fabrication of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives under water conditions, while it was effective for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazines through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling strategies. The features of broad substrate, high atom efficiency, and good catalyst reusability highlight the feasibility of this transformation. In additional, we demonstrated the spindle-like structures Fe-P, derived from the Fe-CPs via phosphorylation, which can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction with good stability. This work provides two highly efficient non-noble metal catalysts for functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives production and oxygen evolution reaction, and opens a new avenue to further fabricate diverse metal catalysts with high catalytic performance in water.

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Titanium-promoted conversion of N₂ into N-methylimides

Rui Hu, Yidan Qi, Xingyu Wang, Yunhui Yang, Congyang Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111197

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The direct transformation of dinitrogen (N₂) into nitrogen-containing organic compounds holds substantial importance. In this work, we report a titanium-promoted method for the conversion of N₂ to N-methylimides. Initially, the N₂-bridging end-on dititanium side-on dipotassium complex [{(Tren^TMS)Ti}₂(μ-η¹:η¹:η²:η²-N₂K₂)] underwent simultaneous disproportionation and N-methylation reactions in the presence of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf), yielding [{(N^Me,TMSNN^TMS₂)Ti}(μ-NMe)]₂ with complete cleavage of the N≡N bond. The nucleophilicity of the N-methylated intermediate allowed it to react with electrophilic reagents such as trimethylchlorosilane (TMSCl) to form heptamethyldisilazane, or with acyl chlorides to generate N-methylimides. Moreover, nitrogen-15 (¹⁵N) labeled experiments provided a novel approach to synthesizing ¹⁵N-labeled methylimides.

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Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral phosphorodithiolated styrenes

Fuxing Yang, Mengjie Gong, Yifei Zhang, Bangchi Wei, Nan Huang, Jun Jiang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111219

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Albeit notable endeavors in the construction of organophosphorodithioates, the direct catalytic enantioselective synthesis of organophosphorodithioates still stands for a long-lasting challenge. Herein, an efficient organocatalytic enantioselective nucleophilic addition of vinylidene ortho-quinone methide with phosphinothioic thioanhydride as nucleophilic reagent has been achieved by the dual catalysis of cinchona alkaloid-derived squaramide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. This protocol provides a straightforward approach for accessing a variety of axially chiral phosphorodithiolated styrenes in good yields (up to 98 % yield) with high stereoselectivities (up to 97 % ee and >99:1 E/Z).

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Sustainable Se/C catalysts from carbohydrates: Unlocking oxidative deoximation reaction with high turnover numbers via free radical mechanisms

Kuanhong Cao, Sainan Chu, Yuanhua Ding, Shanming Lu, Lei Yu, Juan Du

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111486

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By using carbohydrates as the biomass carbon sources, Se/C materials could be easily prepared. The materials could catalyze the oxidative deoximation reactions, which are significant transformations in both pharmaceutical industry and fine chemical production. Compared with the reported organoselenium-catalyzed ionic reactions, the Se/C-catalyzed deoximation reactions occurred via unique free radical mechanisms, endowing the Se species high catalytic reactivity. The Se/C catalysts were recyclable and their turnover numbers (TONs) were high (>10⁴), making the reactions practical for industrial grade preparation. The unique free radical mechanisms of the reaction and green and practical features of the catalysts are the characteristics and advantages of the work.

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Electrochemical CH carboxylation of benzylamines

Weimei Zeng, Youai Qiu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111679

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In this study, electrochemical CH carboxylation of benzylamines with CO₂ was reported. This linear paired electrolysis system enables efficient and economical synthesis of value-added α-amino acids (α-AAs) under mild conditions. Various substituted benzylamines containing diverse functional groups and even highly reactive moieties, such as cyano, amide and alkene groups could be successfully transformed to the carboxylated products. Notably, this method proved to be applicable to the late-stage modification of biorelevant compounds, highlighting its potential for synthetic chemistry. Mechanistic studies such as radical trapping experiments, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) tests and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies provided useful insight into this transformation.

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Synthesis of 3-phosphinyl chromones via in situ iodination mediated CH phosphination and the tunable synthesis of 2-phosphoryl chromanones

Yongli Zhao, Dingsheng Cao, Jie-Ping Wan, Yunyun Liu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111740

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By means the in situ halogenation of the vinyl CH bond in o-hydroxyphenyl enaminones, the step efficient synthesis of 3-diphenylphosphinyl chromones has been realized through the challenging construction of C-P(III) bond by using diphenyl phosphine as reaction partner. In addition, the tunable synthesis of 2-phosphoryl chromanones has been achieved via hydrophosphorylation by simply modifying reaction conditions without using metal reagent.

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Enantioconvergent reductive amidation of benzyl ammonium salts for synthesis of α-chiral amides

Saima Perveen, Xicheng Wang, Tao Li, Linghua Wang, Shuai Zhang, Yizhao Ouyang, Xue Zhao, Liang Xu, Pengfei Li

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111779

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α-Chiral amides are common in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, natural products, and peptides, prompting the need for new synthetic methods. Here, we introduce a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amidation method to synthesize α-chiral amides from benzyl ammonium salts and isocyanates. The key to success is using a chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligand (-)-Ph-SBpy, enabling high yield (up to 95 %) and enantiomeric ratio (up to 98:2 er) under mild conditions. Addition of phenol prevents isocyanate polymerization by reversibly forming a carbamate intermediate, enhancing selectivity and efficiency. The synthetic utility is showcased through transformations of the enantioenriched amides, and the mechanism and enantioselectivity are supported by experimental and computational studies.

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Laponite cascade assembly activated reversible multicolor luminescence supramolecular hydrogel with near-infrared emission

Rong Zhang, Yong Chen, Zhiyi Yu, Yu Liu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111147

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Photo-responsive supramolecular assembly especially supramolecular hydrogels with tunable luminescence show a promising application potential in writable information recording and display materials. Herein, we report photo-responsive reversible multicolor supramolecular hydrogel with near-infrared emission, which is constructed by cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), cyanostilbene derivative (DAC) and Laponite XLG (LP) via supramolecular cascade assembly. Compared with the free guest molecule DAC, the confinement of macrocycle CB[7] achieve effective near-infrared fluorescence in the aqueous phase from scratch, and the subsequent cascade assembly with LP further restrict the molecular rotation of the DAC, which not only result in a substantial enhancement of the fluorescence intensity, but is also endowed with light-controlled fluorescence on/off both in the solution and hydrogel states. Further, 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS) is introduced in the cascade assembly to fabricated photo-controllable reversible multicolor luminescence supramolecular hydrogel between red and green induced by Förster resonance energy transfer, which is successfully employed in reversible multiple information encryption.

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3D fractal expanding of a Sierpiński triangular-faced supramolecular cage for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Zhilong Jiang, Qiaolin Chen, Min Wang, Fengxue Liu, Xiaojie Huang, Bangtang Chen, Qiangqiang Dong, Mingzhao Chen, Yifan Lin, Pingshan Wang, Jun Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111168

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Fractal assembly in discrete structures, especially for artificial supramolecular species, has attracted significantly increased interest over the past two decades. In this study, we present the precisely controlled fractal expanding synthesis of a novel triangular prism supramolecule featuring Sierpiński triangular face, which was achieved through a module-intervened self-expansion strategy. The homoleptic S1 was firstly synthesized through the assembly of ligand L1 with Zn²⁺ ions. Based on the triangular-faced prism S1, we further introduced Sierpiński triangular faces on the section of the heteroleptic supramolecular cage S2 with an expanded inner cavity and more abundant active sites for photocatalytic properties. The topotactic architectures for both S1 and S2 were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the fractal expanded S2 was performed via the superior amine oxidative efficiency over S1. This study proposes the unprecedented fractal expanding strategy for three-dimensional supramolecular species with higher complexity, potentially opening new avenues for structural regulation of artificial fractal molecules.

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Self-assembly of disassemblable supramolecular organic frameworks for doxorubicin delivery, photofrin posttreatment phototoxicity inhibition and heparin neutralization

Ya-Jie Zhu, Zhi-Min Lv, Hao-Feng Zhu, Qi-Yan Qi, Shang-Bo Yu, Jia Tian, Wei Zhou, Zhan-Ting Li

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111353

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Two supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water. Dynamic light scattering and ¹H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature. One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice, which improves by 40 % compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs. In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrug-resistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy. Moreover, it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism. As the first examples that undergo room-temperature reversible assembly and disassembly, the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.

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Halogen-bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) based on [N…Br⁺…N] bonds for enhanced photothermal cancer therapy

Siyi Lin, Qingxue Xu, Xuguan Bai, Zhennan Tian, Lu Wang, Fuxin Han, Shigui Chen, Qiang Cai

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111425

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Effective treatment of subcutaneous tumors remains a focal point in cancer therapy. Photothermal therapy, a novel therapeutic approach, has emerged as a promising alternative, offering a less invasive option for the treatment of subcutaneous tumors. This study reports the exploration of novel supramolecular halogen-bonded organic frameworks (XOFs) based on [N…Br⁺…N] halogen bonds through the ligand exchange strategy and their application in photothermal therapy. Through ligand exchange, XOF(Br)-TPy was successfully prepared, and its structure and properties were thoroughly characterized using NMR, XPS, FT-IR, and XRD techniques. Due to their cationic characteristics, these XOFs serve as effective carriers for the photothermal agent IR820. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the IR820@XOF(Br)-TPy composite exhibits excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation, effectively inducing tumor cell ablation. Furthermore, in vivo studies confirmed the remarkable antitumor efficacy of the composite material in a subcutaneous tumor model. This work demonstrates that the ligand exchange strategy is a versatile and facile approach for constructing XOFs(Br) and provides a novel strategy for developing advanced photothermal therapeutic agents with significant application potential.

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Arene-perfluoroarene force driven chiral transfer, chiral amplification and chiral inversion

Bo Luo, Mingfang Ma, Aiyou Hao, Pengyao Xing

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111736

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Co-assembling chiral molecules with achiral compounds via non-covalent interactions like arene-perfluoroarene (AP) interactions offers an effective approach for fabricating chiral functional materials. Herein, chiral molecules l/d-PF1 and l/d-PF2 with pyrene groups were synthesized and its chiroptical properties upon co-assembly with achiral compound octafluoronaphthalene (OFN) through AP interaction were systemically studied. The co-assembly of l/d-PF1/OFN and l/d-PF2/OFN exhibited distinct chiroptical properties such as circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. Chirality transfer from the chirality center of l/d-PF1 and l/d-PF2 to the achiral OFN and chiral amplification were successfully achieved. Besides, no significant CPL signal was observed in the self-assembly of l/d-PF1 or l/d-PF2 while co-assembly with OFN exhibited obvious CPL amplification induced by AP interaction. Notably, a reversal CD signal and CPL signal could be observed in l/d-PF2/OFN when the molar ratio changed from 1:1 to 1:2 while not found in l/d-PF1/OFN, indicating that that minor structural changes of molecules could cause large changes in assembly. In addition, a series of computational calculations were conducted to verify the AP interaction between l-PF1/l-PF2 and OFN. This work demonstrated that arene-perfluoroarene interaction could drive chiral transfer, chiral amplification and chiral inversion and provided a new method for the preparation of chiroptical materials.

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Enantioselective recognition of amino acids in water using emission-tunable chiral fluorescent probes

Yi-Xin Zhang, Fang-Qi Zhang, Ao-Pei Peng, Tao Jiang, Ya-Xi Meng, Yang Li, Shuang-Xi Gu, Yuan-Yuan Zhu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111500

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The detection of amino acid enantiomers holds significant importance in biomedical, chemical, food, and other fields. Traditional chiral recognition methods using fluorescent probes primarily rely on fluorescence intensity changes, which can compromise accuracy and repeatability. In this study, we report a novel fluorescent probe (R)-Z1 that achieves effective enantioselective recognition of chiral amino acids in water by altering emission wavelengths (> 60 nm). This water-soluble probe (R)-Z1 exhibits cyan or yellow-green luminescence upon interaction with amino acid enantiomers, enabling reliable chiral detection of 14 natural amino acids. It also allows for the determination of enantiomeric excess through monitoring changes in luminescent color. Additionally, a logic operation with two inputs and three outputs was constructed based on these optical properties. Notably, amino acid enantiomers were successfully detected via dual-channel analysis at both the food and cellular levels. This study provides a new dynamic luminescence-based tool for the accurate sensing and detection of amino acid enantiomers.

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Ammonia-directed gas-metal-support interaction forming Ni₃ZnN for efficient hydrogenation

Yinghui Pu, Yiming Niu, Tongtong Gao, Junnan Chen, Bingsen Zhang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111520

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Metal-support interaction (MSI) is crucial for fine-tuning the active-site structure of supported catalysts and enhancing performance. Here, we present an ammonia-directed reactive gas-metal-support interaction (RGMSI), in which NH₃ reduces ZnO and assembles an anti-perovskite Ni₃ZnN structure with interstitial nitrogen, significantly boosting hydrogenation efficiency. Nitrogen incorporation expands the lattice parameter, increasing the (111) lattice spacing from 2.04 Å in Ni to 2.18 Å in Ni₃ZnN, with an extended Ni-Ni interatomic distance from 2.49 Å to 2.65 Å. Additionally, Ni-N coordination shifts the d-band center downward and induces electron deficiency in Ni via charge transfer. These modifications optimize reactant adsorption on the tailored Ni₃ZnN structure compared to Ni, leading to a remarkable increase in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation selectivity from 30.0 % to 92.9 %, along with an enhanced TOF from 0.067 s^-1 to 0.079 s^-1. These findings highlight RGMSI as a versatile and effective strategy for designing supported metal catalysts, offering new insights into selective hydrogenation catalysis.

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Ultrathin Pd based bimetallic nanowires as highly efficient ampere-level pH-universal water splitting

Yuanwei Ma, Jigang Wang, Zhaodi Yan, Qiang Liu, Lanyan Li, Zhongfang Li, Likai Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111724

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Herein, we have developed a straightforward wet-chemical method to synthesize a series of Pd-based alloy nanowires (NWs), including PdPt NWs, PdAu NWs, PdIr NWs, and PdRu NWs, which exhibits high mass activity and turnover frequency (TOF) for HER, surpassing Pt/C by 4.6-fold and 1.5-fold in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. It also demonstrates high stability in alkaline electrolyte at a current density of 220 mA/cm² for 280 h, highlighting its potential for practical applications under industrial current conditions. PdPt NWs exhibited ultrathin structures with head-to-tail kinks and inherent defects, significantly increasing the density of active sites and precisely tuning the electronic structure, which could accelerate reaction kinetics and boost water-splitting electrocatalytic performance. This study highlights the potential of PdPt NWs as highly efficient catalysts, offering outstanding catalytic performance and stability for practical applications.

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Wide bandgap steric carbazole-fluorene-nanogrid polymers via metal-free CN polymerization for deep-blue polymer light-emitting diodes

Man Xu, Qianyi Li, Jingyao Ma, Hao Li, Yunfei Zhu, Fan Yu, Kuande Wang, Tao Zhou, Quanyou Feng, Linghai Xie, Jinyi Lin

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111551

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To precisely control intrachain π-electron delocalization and interchain interaction simultaneously is the prerequisite to obtain stable and efficient deep-blue light-emitting p-n polymer semiconductors for the polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Herein, we introduced the steric carbazole-fluorene nanogrid into light-emitting diphenyl sulfone-based p-n polymer semiconductors (PG and PDG) via metal-free CN coupling polymerization for the fabrication of deep-blue PLEDs. The steric, rigid and twisted configuration between nanogrid and diphenyl sulfone in PG and PDG present the unique characteristic of large steric hindrance interaction to suppress interchain aggregation in solid state. Due to the different length of electron-deficient diphenyl sulfone monomers, PG showed a deep-blue emission with a maximum peak at 428 nm but red-shifted to 480 nm for the PDG films. Interestingly, similar deep-blue emission behavior of PG in diluted non-polar solution and films suggested the extremely weak interchain aggregation. Finally, PLEDs based on PG are fabricated with a stable deep-blue emission of CIE (0.15, 0.10), and corresponding EL spectral profile is also completely identical to PL ones of diluted solution, revealed the intrachain emission without obvious interchain excited state, confirmed effectiveness of the steric hindrance functionalization of nanogrid in p-n polymer semiconductor for deep-blue light-emitting organic optoelectronics.

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Three-dimensional supramolecular polymer frameworks with precisely tunable and large apertures for enzyme encapsulation

Runtan Gao, Yang Zong, Tingting Li, Na Liu, Zongquan Wu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111582

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Three-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks with precisely tunable pore sizes are highly demanded for a wide range of applications, e.g., encapsulating enzymes to enhance their stability, activity, and reusability. However, precise control and tune the pore size of such frameworks still remains a significant challenge to date. In this study, we constructed supramolecular polymer frameworks using rigid tetrahedral star polyisocyanides with tunable length and sufficiently narrow distribution as building block. First, a series of tetrahedral four-arm star polyisocyanides with controlled chain lengths and narrow molecular weight distributions was prepared via the Pd(II)-catalyzed living isocyanide polymerization. Then 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (Upy) unit was installed onto each chain-end of polyisocyanide arms via post-polymerization functionalization. Leveraging the supramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal Upy units, well-ordered supramolecular polymer frameworks were readily obtained. Notably, the pore size was dependent on the chain length of the polyisocyanide arms. Precisely control the chain length of polyisocyanide arms, supramolecular polymer frameworks with pore sizes ranging from 5.06 nm to 9.72 nm were achieved. These frameworks, with tunable and large pore apertures, demonstrated exceptional capabilities in encapsulating enzymes of different sizes, such as lipase (TL), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and glucose oxidase (GOx). The encapsulated enzymes exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity and durability. Moreover, the frameworks' tunable and large pore apertures facilitated the co-encapsulation of multiple enzymes, enabling efficient dual-enzyme cascade reactions.

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Effect of fluorination positions at diphenylamino flanking groups on the photovoltaic performance for nonfused ring electron acceptors

Yang Gao, Huarui Zhang, Yan Xie, Xinjun Xu, Yahui Liu, Hao Lu, Wenkai Zhang, Yuqiang Liu, Cuihong Li, Zhishan Bo

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111622

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The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs). However, research on the impact of fluorination positions at side chains on NFREAs device performance remains scant. In this study, we introduce two isomeric NFREAs, designated as GA-2F-E and GA-2F, distinguished by their fluorination positions at the side chains. Both NFREAs share a thiophene[3,2-b]thiophene core, but their side chains differ: GA-2F-E features two (4-butylphenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) amino groups, whereas GA-2F's side chains consist of bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino and bis(4-butylphenyl)amino groups attached to opposite sides of the core. To delve into the influence of fluorination positions on the optoelectronic properties, aggregation behavior, and overall efficiency of the acceptor molecules, a comprehensive investigation was conducted. The findings reveal that, despite similar photophysical properties and comparable absorption bandwidths, GA-2F-E, with fluorine atoms positioned on both sides of the molecular framework, demonstrates more compact π-π stacking, reduced bimolecular recombination, superior exciton transport, and a more balanced, higher mobility. As a result of these advantages, OSCs optimized with D18:GA-2F-E achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.45 %, surpassing the 15.83 % PCE of devices utilizing D18:GA-2F. This research underscores the potential of NFREAs in future applications and highlights the significance of fluorination positions in enhancing OSC performance, paving the way for the development of more efficient NFREAs.

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Enhancing photovoltaic performance via γ-positioned side-chains engineering of Y-series non-fullerene acceptors

Ruixiang Fang, Yilan Zhai, Huijuan Bi, Caixuan Wang, Ailing Tang, Shiming Zhang, Zhixiang Wei, Kun Lu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111787

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In the field of organic solar cells (OSCs), side-chain engineering is a key strategy for developing high-performance non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (SMAs), which could adjust the material solubility and modulate the intermolecular stacking properties, profoundly impacting the film morphology and thus acting on the final power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the materials. In this study, two asymmetric acceptor molecules, Qx-PhBr-BO and Qx-PhBr-X, were synthesized by migrating the branching site of the outer side chain from the β-site to the γ-site. The branching site located at the γ-site could reduce the steric-hindrance effect and enhance the molecular aggregation behavior, giving rise to redshifted absorption and tight π-π stacking. Morphology analysis shows that the Qx-PhBr-X-based devices have smoother surfaces and a phase-separated structure, which is more favorable for charge transport and extraction. The Qx-PhBr-X-based devices exhibit balanced hole-electron mobility, efficient exciton dissociation, and low charge recombination. As a result, Qx-PhBr-X with γ-site branching exhibits superior photovoltaic performance with a PCE of 17.16 %, which is significantly higher than that of Qx-PhBr-BO at 16.28 %. These results highlight the importance of side-chain modifications for optimizing OSC efficiency and provide an important reference for precise tuning of side-chain structures in future molecular design.

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Oligomeric α-diimine nickel catalysts for enhanced ethylene polymerization

Jingfeng Yue, Zhenxin Tang, Yuxing Zhang, Zhongbao Jian

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111930

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Catalysts are key for olefin polymerization reactions and are also ubiquitous in catalysis science. Multi-nuclear metal catalysts have witnessed enhanced performances in catalytic reactions relative to mono-nuclear catalysts, but which substantially involve multi-step, tedious, and difficult synthesis. Herein, this study reports an intriguing approach to construct multi-nuclear catalysts for the milestone α-diimine nickel catalysts using an oligomeric strategy. A polymerizable norbornene unit is incorporated into the α-diimine ligand backbone, leading to the formation of the monomeric nickel catalyst Ni₁ and its corresponding oligomeric nickel catalysts (Ni₃ and Ni₅) with varying degrees of polymerization (DP = 3 and 5). Notably, the oligomeric catalyst Ni₅ was facilely scaled up (50 g-level), showed enhanced thermal stability, exhibited 4.6 times higher activity, and yielded polyethylene elastomer with a 379 % increased molecular weight in ethylene polymerization, compared to the monomeric catalyst Ni₁. Catalytic performance enhancements of oligomeric catalysts were found to be DP-dependent. The kilogram-scale polyethylene, produced using Ni₅ in a 20 L reactor, presented a highly branched all-hydrocarbon structure, which demonstrated typical elastic properties (tensile strength: 4 MPa, elastic recovery: SR = 72 %) along with great processability (MFI = 3.0 g/10 min), insulating characteristics (volume resistivity = 2 × 10¹⁶ Ω/m), and hydrophobicity (water vapor permeability: 0.03 g/m²/day), suggesting potentially practical applications.

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Balancing switching and transient response for ion gating in field-effect nanofluidic transistors

Xiaoqing Wu, Yajie Chen, Dagui Wang, Song Pu, Qiujiao Du, Pengcheng Gao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111623

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Field-effect nanofluidic transistors (FENTs), biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron, act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli. The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs, but until recently, the response time, another crucial indicator, has been ignored. Employing finite-element method, we investigated the relationship among gate charge, switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge, including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space, for ion transport to optimize switching capability. The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response. Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs, multivalence ions in lower concentration, high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions. The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.

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Mining substrate-promiscuity cytochrome P450s from Euphorbia fischeriana for heterologous bioproduction of diverse labdane-related diterpenoids

Ke Gao, Lin Zhao, Lei Wang, Rui Zhang, Jianxun Zhu, Pengcheng Lin, Jiachen Zi

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110903

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Many labdane-related diterpenoids (LRDs) exhibit high values in drug development. Their diversity in structure and bioactivity, to a large extent, arise from oxidative modifications which are mainly catalyzed by cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The medicinal plant Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. is rich in LRDs with distinct scaffolds. Herein, we characterized three cytochrome P450s involved in LRD biosynthesis from this plant. Notably, CYP71D450 and CYP701A148 are two substrate-promiscuity CYPs. The former is the first example of CYPs which can oxidize C-3 of ent-atisane skeleton and ent-isopimara-7(8),15-diene, and the latter is the first example of CYPs which can oxidize C-19 of ent-abietane and ent-pimarane skeletons. This study expands the toolkit for bioproduction of diverse LRDs.

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Revision of the absolute configurations of Pallavicinia diterpenoids and further discovery of their Diels-Alder cycloadducts

Jiao-Zhen Zhang, Cheng-Min Zhang, Yong-Jie Wang, Pei-Lin Wu, Rui-Feng Liu, Ye Li, Ming-Zhu Zhu, Shuang-Zhi Yuan, Ze-Jun Xu, Hong-Xiang Lou

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110919

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Owing to their intricate molecular frameworks and copious chiral centers, the structural identification and configurational assignment of natural products are challenging tasks. Comprehensive spectral data analysis is crucial for the confirmation of absolute configurations. Ignoring critical parameters will lead to false structure, which may confuse the total synthesis and drug development. Herein, the configurations of seven heterogeneous Pallavicinia diterpenoids (PDs) isolated from Pallavicinia liverworts are revised using a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Meanwhile, identification of five unprecedented PD heterodimers PD-dimers A-E (18-22) along with eleven previously undescribed PDs (5-9, 13-17, 23) obtained by the reinvestigation of the Chinese liverwort Pallavicinia subciliata have resulted in corrections and support the revised conclusions.

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Identification of two novel sesterterpene skeletons offers the first experimental evidence for the cyclization mechanism of mangicdiene synthase

Pan Luo, Jian-Ming Lv, Hong-Ting Zhen, Ying-Qi Zhao, Jing-Yuan Liu, Jin-Yu Hong, Shao-Yang Li, Gao-Qian Wang, Guo-Dong Chen, Shui-Xing Zhang, Dan Hu, Hao Gao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111042

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Mangicol-type sesterterpenoids possess potent anti-inflammatory activity, characterized by a 5-5-6-5 tetracyclic carbon skeleton formed by mangicdiene synthase FgMS. Two proposed mechanisms for mangicdiene formation involve either C6-C10 cyclization (path a) or C2-C10 cyclization (path b) after the C10 carbocation formation, but neither has been experimentally validated. Here, we have identified a second mangicdiene synthase ManD, which is derived from Fusarium sp. JNU-XJ070152-01 and shares high amino acid sequence identity with FgMS. Through heterologous expression of manD in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1, we observed production not only of mangicdiene (1) and variecoltetraene (2), previously identified by expression of FgMS in Escherichia coli, but also two novel sesterterpene skeletons fusadiene (3) and fusatriene (4). The identification of fusadiene and fusatriene supports the occurrence of two key carbocation intermediates in path b, thus experimentally confirming that mangicdiene is built via path b for the first time, consistent with previous density functional theory (DFT) calculation results.

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Rapid discovery and biomimetic syntheses of two unusual hemiterpene-quassinoid adducts from Brucea javanica

Zhi-Kang Duan, Mei-Ya Lian, Shu-Hui Dong, Ming Bai, Xiao-Xiao Huang, Shao-Jiang Song

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111321

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The first hemiterpene-quassinoid adducts, bruquass A and B (1 and 2), were rapidly isolated and identified from Brucea javanica using an integrated analytical strategy. They possessed unusual carbon skeletons formed by the coupling of quassinoids with hemiterpene units via vinylogous aldol reactions. Their structural configurations were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 were proposed, and guided by these biogenetic insights, the biomimetic synthesis of compound 1 was successfully achieved. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antifeedant activity against Plutella xylostella. The bioactivity assessment results open up the prospects of 1 and 2 as a promising new class of botanical insecticide.

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Artificial intelligence-driven development of natural multi-target derivatives with BuChE inhibitory activity for treating Alzheimer's disease

Qiyao Zhang, Yuting Li, Qishun Jin, Zhengwei Liu, Hongsong Chen, Jingqi Huang, Taoyi Liu, Xiaojuan Liu, Zhenghuai Tan, Shuheng Huang, Wu Dong, Zhipei Sang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110964

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly population. There are currently no effective therapeutic drugs available, the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy has been considered as the promising approach. Given the structural diversity of natural products, Rivastigmine's pharmacophore was integrated with diverse natural product scaffolds to construct a combinatorial compound library. This library was subsequently screened and optimized to identify a novel butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, compound 3c. The results showed that compound 3c exhibited favorable BuChE inhibitory activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) = 0.43 μmol/L), potential anti-inflammatory potency, good Aβ_1-42 aggregation inhibitory capacity and remarkable neuroprotective effects. The in vivo study exhibited that 3c significantly ameliorated AlCl₃-induced zebrafish AD model and scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Collectively, compound 3c was the artificial intelligence (AI)-driven promising multifunctional agent with BuChE inhibition for the treatment of AD.

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Rational structure-based design and optimization of next-generation biphenyl-piperidine-triazine derivatives as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Kun Zhang, Li-Min Zhao, Tianhao Xing, Yueyue Bu, Qingyun Wang, Christophe Pannecouque, Erik De Clercq, Angela Corona, Laura Dettori, Enzo Tramontano, Shuai Wang, Fen-Er Chen

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111283

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To enhance the anti-resistance efficacy of our previously disclosed naphthyl-triazine 5, structure-based drug design strategy was rationally conducted to design a series of novel biphenyl-piperidine-triazine-containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Remarkably, several of these compounds demonstrated single-digit nanomolar antiviral potency against both wild-type (WT) human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and five clinically relevant mutant strains. Among these, compound 11s emerged as the most potent inhibitor, showing remarkable efficacy against WT HIV-1 (50 % effective concentration (EC₅₀) = 2 nmol/L) and five mutant strains (EC₅₀ = 0.003-0.073 μmol/L), which was significantly superior to that of compound 5. This optimized derivative demonstrated substantially improved pharmacological properties compared to existing drugs etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV), showing a 4-fold reduction in cytotoxicity alongside 6-fold enhancement in selectivity index (50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) = 19.69 μmol/L, selectivity index (SI) = 7438). The compound's metabolic profile revealed exceptional stability, with an elimination half-life (t_1/2 = 41.4 min) more than double that of RPV (t_1/2 = 16.03 min). Comprehensive safety evaluation indicated minimal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes interference, low cardiac ion channel activity, and no observable acute toxicity, collectively suggesting a reduced risk profile for therapeutic applications. These promising characteristics significantly advance the development potential of biphenyl-piperidine-triazine derivatives as next-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), offering enhanced efficacy, improved safety, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties for antiretroviral therapy.

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Near-infrared light activatable nanoplatform for proteins labeling, enrichment and visualization in living systems

Peng Liu, Shengli Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Yu Si, Ziang Liu, Xiao Qian, Yingxu Wu, Yuan Liang, Wen Sun, Engin U. Akkaya, Lei Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110966

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The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms, therapeutic agents and functional tools. Herein, we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared (NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study, which enabling target protein labeling, enrichment and visualization. Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms, showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems. Under NIR light irradiation, azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet (UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance. We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments, achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria. Furthermore, in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform. This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.

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Meta-amino substituted naphthalimides exhibit large charge transfer and strong N-H vibrations enabling use as ratiometric fluorescent probe

Fengzhi Wang, Ke Hu, Jinquan Chen, Zhubin Hu, Haitao Sun, Tony D. James, Yufang Xu, Xuhong Qian

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110971

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Fluorescent probes based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) have obvious advantages for accurate quantitative analysis. To obtain high-performance ratiometric probes requires distinct photophysical properties during recognition reaction process, which is closely related to their ICT characteristics. 1,8-Naphthalimide is known as a typical fluorophore with desirable ICT property when functionalized with an electron-donating moiety at the para-position of the naphthalene chromophore. Although the photophysical properties of para-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide have been well studied, its meta-substituted counterpart has not been fully evaluated since the meta-position is conventionally thought to be weakly conjugated. Herein, combined experimental and theoretical studies are performed which consistently indicate that stronger charge transfer (CT) is exhibited by the meta-amino substituted 1,8-naphthalimide (m-NH₂) compared to the para-amino substituted one (p-NH₂). The ratiometric response of fluorescence with significant changes in wavelength and intensity upon acetylation (m-NAc and p-NAc) can be attributed to the larger ICT and stronger -NH₂ vibrations. This observation is further demonstrated by deuterium oxide experiments, viscosity experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The practical application of meta-amino-1,8-naphthalimide ICT-based probes is also confirmed. This research is expected to bring an in-depth understanding of π-conjugated systems with ICT characteristics, and facilitates the design of sensitive ICT fluorescent probes with meta-amino substitution.

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A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for quantitative detection of SO₂ derivatives in Chinese medicinal materials and bioimaging in vivo

Meitong Wu, Ke Wu, Shumin Feng, Li Xu, Mi Lei, Jianmei Chen, Shuang Li, Mian Qin, Dahui Liu, Guoqiang Feng

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110979

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Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and its derivatives have been recognized as harmful environmental pollutants. However, they are often produced during the processing of traditional Chinese medicines, potentially compromising the quality of these medicinal materials and contributing to various health issues. Due to a lack of effective monitoring and imaging tools, the physiological effects of excessive SO₂ residues in traditional Chinese medicine remain unclear. Therefore, developing a rapid and effective tool for detecting SO₂ is crucial for understanding its metabolic pathways and effects in vivo. In this study, we developed a near infrared (NIR) and ratiometric fluorescent probe, NIR-RS, which exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response for SO₂ detection. Notably, NIR-RS accurately quantifies SO₂ contents in Pinelliae rhizoma (P. rhizoma) samples, with recovery rates from 98.46 % to 102.40 %, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 5.0 %. For bioimaging applications, NIR-RS has low cytotoxicity and good mitochondrial-targeting ability, making it suitable for imaging exogenous and endogenous SO₂ in mitochondria. Additionally, NIR-RS was successfully applied to image SO₂ content of P. rhizoma samples within cells, revealing that high SO₂ residue elevated mitochondria adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, these findings reveal that P. rhizoma with excessive SO₂ can affect the organism's growth mechanisms through alterations in ATP pathways. In vivo, SO₂ was found to predominantly accumulate in the liver following gavage with P. rhizoma solution, with accumulation levels increasing in proportion to SO₂ residue concentration. High SO₂ concentrations in P. rhizoma can cause pulmonary fibrosis and gastric mucosal damage. This work provides a valuable tool for regulating SO₂ content in P. rhizoma and may help researcher better understand the metabolism of SO₂ derivatives and explore their physiological roles in biological systems.

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A fluorescent probe regulated by trifluoromethyl and nitrogen-containing heterocycles for monitoring biothiol fluctuations in the brains of mice with schizophrenia

Chengcheng Zhang, Zhe Wu, Ningning Jiang, Yi Song, Weina Geng, Hongmei Liu, Ming Jin, Shuxiang Wang, Jinchao Zhang, Yutao Yang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111476

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unclear pathogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may contribute to the neuropathological processes underlying SCZ. Biothiols, key endogenous antioxidants, have been proposed as potential biomarkers for the disease. However, due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), fluorescent probes are rarely used to image biothiols in the brain of SCZ models. In this study, a series of fluorescent probes for biothiols were developed using dicyanoisophorone derivatives as fluorophores known for their excellent optical properties, and carboxylic esters as recognition units. A parallel synthesis and rapid screening strategy was employed to construct and optimize these probes. By introducing trifluoromethyl and benzothiazole groups into the fluorophore, the emission wavelength was successfully shifted into the near-infrared region. Additionally, various trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds were incorporated to optimize the carboxylic esters, thereby improving the probes' reactivity and lipophilicity. Systematic evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics, and optical performance led to the identification of DCI-BT-11 as the most promising candidate. DCI-BT-11 demonstrated excellent BBB permeability and a good response to biothiols both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, DCI-BT-11 was used for the first time to visualize biothiol flux and assess the therapeutic effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the brains of SCZ mouse models, offering new insights into the role of OS in the pathogenesis and treatment of SCZ.

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Indolizine-benzophenone hybrid acceptors enable TADF materials for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy in living cells

Hui Guo, Wen-Wen Li, Mei-Yin Wu, Jian-Bo Hu, Jun Wang, Yun Liu, Yang Zou, Chu-Luo Yang, Kai-Lu Zheng

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111721

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Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and bioimaging, leveraging their structural adaptability, efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), robust photosensitizing capability, and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Herein, we developed a new class of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type TADF materials by connecting the highly twisted indolizine-benzophenone electron acceptors with a series of electron donors including phenoxazine, phenothiazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine. These materials exhibit enhanced TADF properties, aggregation-induced emission (AIE), alongside high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency, effectively mitigating aggregation-caused quenching observed in traditional fluorophores. Among them, IDP-p-PXZ, incorporating the phenoxazine donor, stands out with the smallest singlet-triplet splitting energy (ΔE_ST) and the highest spin-orbit coupling matrix elements (SOCMEs). Upon encapsulation into 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) nanoparticles (NPs), IDP-p-PXZ demonstrates extended delayed fluorescence lifetimes in air, an exceptionally fast intersystem crossing (ISC) rate constant (k_ISC) of 3.4 × 10⁷ s^-1, and a radiative rate constant (k_r) of 5.05 × 10⁶ s^-1. These NPs exhibit superior biocompatibility, efficient cellular internalization, and potent ROS production, enabling effective simultaneous PDT and confocal fluorescence imaging in HeLa cells.

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Synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of cascade nanozymes for neural recovery in ischemic stroke

Chenchen Xie, Jun Liao, Yi Li, Yunan Zhang, Zhicheng Xiao, Yun Wang, Ting Chen, Liyan Xiong, Tao Pang, Xiangao Jiang, Feng Zhang, Chuan Zhang, Tingfang Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110956

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Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following ischemic injury triggers an inflammatory response, significantly impeding neurological functional recovery. Nanozymes with potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects thus offer great potential for ischemic stroke treatment. In this study, we developed an ischemia-homing nanozyme by combining melatonin (MT)-loaded honeycomb manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoflowers with M2-type microglia membranes to rescue the ischemic penumbra. The surface-engineered M2-type microglia membranes provided intrinsic ischemia-homing and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-crossing properties to the biomimetic nanozymes. This nanozyme can not only transforms harmfulsuperoxide anion radicals (^·O^2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into harmless water and oxygen but also scavenges highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (^·OH), dramatically lowering intracellular ROS levels. More importantly, the biomimetic nanoparticles reduce cerebral infarct areas and provide significant neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by lowering oxidative stress, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and decreasing inflammation. This study may offer a viable approach for the use of nanozymes in treating ischemic stroke.

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Cuproptosis amplifier of copper-telaglenastat coordinate to trigger cell ferroptosis for synergistic breast cancer suppression

Linping Zhao, Jianqiao Li, Guangmiao Chen, Chuyu Huang, Hangyu Zhou, Rongrong Zheng, Youqin Xu, Xueyan Jiang, Xiaohui Chen, Shiying Li

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110959

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Metal ion homeostasis plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular functions, and its disruption can initiate regulated cell death pathways. Despite its therapeutic potential, metal ion therapy for breast cancer has been hampered by inefficient ion delivery and the intrinsic resistance mechanisms of cancer cells. In this work, a cuproptosis amplifier of copper-telaglenastat coordinate (denoted as Cu-CB) is developed to trigger cell ferroptosis for synergistic breast cancer treatment. Telaglenastat (CB-839), a glutaminase inhibitor, is identified as an effective copper ionophore that facilitates the formation of Cu-CB. Specially, Cu-CB can promote the aggregation of lipoylated proteins to initiate cuproptosis, while also inhibiting glutathione (GSH) synthesis and downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to trigger ferroptosis. The interplay between these cuproptosis and apoptosis pathways, mediated by Cu-CB, significantly amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation, culminating in the synergistic suppression of breast cancer. Both in vitro and in vivo studies validate the superior antitumor effects of Cu-CB through the induction of cuproptosis and ferroptosis, which may provide a new insight for metal ion delivery systems and metal ion-based tumor therapies.

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CD44-targeting and ZIF-8 gated gold nanocage for programmed breast cancer therapy through Pt-induced immunogenic cell death

Xin Li, Fei Xiong, Xudong Cao, Wei Liu, Haobo Chen, Jiayu He, Weina Zhang, Longguang Tang, Wei Huang, Xikuang Yao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110970

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The field of nanomedicine has been revolutionized by the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD)-enhanced cancer therapy, which holds immense promise for the efficient treatment of cancer. However, precise delivery of ICD inducer is severely hindered by complex biological barriers. How to design and build intelligent nanoplatform for adaptive and dynamic cancer therapy remains a big challenge. Herein, this article presents the design and preparation of CD44-targeting and ZIF-8 gated gold nanocage (Au@ZH) for programmed delivery of the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-Pt(II) (DACHPt) as ICD inducer. After actively targeting the CD44 on the surface of 4T1 tumor cell, this Pt-Au@ZH can be effectively endocytosed by the 4T1 cell and release the DACHPt in tumor acidic environment, resulting in ICD effect and superior antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of mild 808 nm laser irradiation. By integration of internal and external stimuli intelligently, this programmed nanoplatform is poised to become a cornerstone in the pursuit of effective and targeted cancer therapy in the foreseeable future.

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Multifunctional carrier-free nanodrugs for enhanced delivery and efficacy of hydrophobic antitumor drugs

Zerong Pei, Suyun Hu, Huimin Wei, Liqin Ding, Jingbo Liu, Fengyun Li, Hongyu Chen

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110981

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Poor solubility often results in low efficacy of antitumor drugs. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted on the potential decrease in drug efficacy following the self-assembly of hydrophobic pure drugs into nanodrugs, and solutions to this problem are even rarer. Loading water-insoluble antitumor drugs into nanocarriers offers a promising solution. However, intricate carrier preparation, limited drug loading capacity, and carrier-associated safety remain key challenges. In this study, based on the discovery that hydrophobic gambogic acid (GA) self-assembles into nanostructures with diminished antitumor efficacy in aqueous environments, we developed a carrier-free nanodrug system, designated as GA-S-S-AS nanoparticles (NPs), characterized by straightforward preparation, high drug loading, fluorescence imaging, tumor-targeting, and responsive drug release in reducing environments. Specifically, the hydrophobic GA was covalently linked to the hydrophilic aptamer through a disulfide bond and then self-assembled into the nanodrugs. About 92 % of drug was encapsulated in self-assembled NPs, demonstrating remarkable stability under physiological conditions and controlled release of GA in the high-glutathione environment characteristic of tumor sites. Furthermore, by utilizing the synergistic interaction between the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and ligand-receptor active targeting mechanisms, the nanodrugs significantly increased the accumulation of GA at tumor locations. Consequently, the nanodrugs exhibited optimal therapeutic efficacy against the tumor both in vitro and in vivo, significantly inhibiting tumor growth. Furthermore, the nanodrugs demonstrated enhanced biosafety compared to free GA, effectively reducing GA-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, these findings underscore the significant potential of this multifunctional carrier-free nanodrugs for the targeted delivery of GA, thereby laying a foundation for future endeavors aimed at developing novel formulations of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.

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Hyaluronic acid-modified MOF nanoparticles for encapsulating asparaginase in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment

Yeling Yuan, Lihua Du, Kejing Zeng, Yilu Zheng, Huaping Huang, Yu Shao, Wenqing Wang, Leping Yan, Jun Wu, Changhua Zhang, Hongman Xue, Haozhe He

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111222

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T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a common yet severe pediatric cancer treated with l-asparaginase (ASP). To boost the treatment's effectiveness and lessen its toxicity, enzyme@MOF nanoparticles were engineered with a hyaluronic acid (HA)-targeted polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface. These nanoparticles, termed ASP@MOF/PEG-HA, showed efficient uptake by drug-resistant T-ALL cells. The pH-sensitive zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles allowed the encapsulated ASP to significantly increase cytotoxicity against T-ALL cells. Furthermore, HA's ability to bind to T-ALL cells with elevated CD44 expression further induced apoptosis in CD44⁺ T-ALL cells with poor prognosis. In animal models, the nanoparticles improved survival rates and reduced the burden of leukemia, demonstrating substantial anti-leukemia effects. Thus, these nanoparticles offer an effective treatment approach for drug-resistant T-ALL cells characterized by increased CD44 expression.

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A c(RGDyK)-modified ROS-responsive polymeric micelle for hepatic stellate cell targeting

Xin-Yu Liu, He-Ying Mao, Jun-Sheng Hu, Tong-Rui Dou, Ben-Chi Liu, Chang-Xiu Lin, Jing-Shu Piao, Ming-Guan Piao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111237

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Hepatic fibrosis is regulated by the synergistic actions of various cells and cytokines, with the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) being considered the central event in this process. To achieve specific targeting of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) and precise treatment of hepatic fibrosis, this study developed a dual-functional drug delivery system (SIL/cRGD-PEG-PPS PMs) with both targeting and responsive release capabilities. It aims to target the αvβ3 receptor specifically expressed on the surface of aHSCs using the cyclic peptide c(RGDyk), and to exploit the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the cellular microenvironment to achieve concentrated burst release of drugs at the pathological sites of hepatic fibrosis. Based on multiple assessments, SIL/cRGD-PEG-PPS PMs specifically enhanced the targeted delivery of silybin (SIL) to aHSCs, inhibited the proliferation and migration of aHSCs, and exhibited good biosafety. Additionally, it demonstrated excellent anti-fibrotic activity in fibrotic mice. In summary, this study shows great potential in targeted treatment of hepatic fibrosis and provides a multifunctional tool for advancing the research and therapeutic strategies of hepatic fibrosis.

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Linking starch particle physicochemical properties to functionality in medicinal plants: Insights from Polygonum multiflorum and Smilax glabra

Nan Wang, Lingling Wu, Yaya Su, Haifeng Tang, Hailong Yuan

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111270

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This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum (PMS) and Smilax glabra (SGS). The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Significant differences were observed in their morphological, physicochemical, and functional properties. PMS had a smaller particle size (13.68 μm), irregular polygonal shape, A-type, lower water absorption (62.67 %), and higher oil absorption (51.17 %). In contrast, SGS exhibited larger particles (31.75 μm), a nearly spherical shape, B-type, higher crystallinity (50.66 %), and greater amylose content (21.54 %), with superior thermal stability, shear resistance, and gelatinization enthalpy. SGS also contained higher resistant starch (83.28 %) and longer average chain length (20.58 %), but showed lower solubility, swelling power, light transmittance, and freeze-thaw stability. The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation. These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.

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Cisplatin-polyphenol complex liposomes reduce chemotherapy toxicity

Yizhi Ge, Jiahui Zou, Hui Liu, Wei He, Huanfeng Zhu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111450

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Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is an effective strategy for the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, serious toxic side effects of CDDP limit patient tolerance and treatment compliance, which urgently needs to be addressed in clinical application. Liposomes have been considered ideal vehicles for reducing CDDP toxicity due to their high biocompatibility, low toxicity and passive targeting ability. Nevertheless, CDDP's poor water/lipid solubility usually results in a low liposome drug-lipid ratio, limiting tumor delivery ability. Herein, a CDDP-polyphenol complex liposome was designed to increase the drug loading capacity of CDDP to realize the reduction of toxicity and effective antitumor effect simultaneously. The complex was prepared via complexation reaction of different stoichiometric ratios of CDDP and polyphenolic substances (gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and tannic acid), followed by encapsulation of complex in liposomes to improve tumor targeting. Notably, the molecular interaction forces between CDDP and polyphenolic substances were intensively investigated through a binding force disruption assay. In vitro studies demonstrated that the optimal formulation of CDDP-epigallocatechin gallate complex liposome (CDDP-EGCG Lips) showed the highest CDDP encapsulation efficiency, favorable stability, pH-sensitive release, enhanced cellular uptake and apoptosis effect. In vivo studies revealed that CDDP-EGCG Lips retarded the elimination of CDDP to prolong their circulation time, inhibited the growth of tumors, and significantly reduced the toxic side effects compared to CDDP monotherapy. This delivery strategy holds great promise for improving the clinical use of platinum-based drugs.

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Chain architecture-engineered artesunate nanoassemblies target LONP1 to induce oxidative damage for enhanced anti-tumor therapy

Yupeng Wang, Xinxin Sun, Jianbin Shi, Zhixiao Zhang, Jin Sun, Cong Luo, Zhonggui He, Shenwu Zhang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111609

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Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative, artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity. To improve the delivery efficiency, we engineered three artesunate (ART) derivatives, AC₁₅-L (linear), AC₁₅-B (branched), and AC₁₅-C (cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures. Unexpectedly, we observed that AC₁₅-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells, and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1 (LONP1) (-72.6 kcal/mol). Subsequently, disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG (DSPE-SS-PEG_2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies (NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision. Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe²⁺-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC₁₅-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs, suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action: LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification through Fe²⁺-ART interactions. This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains, and developed reduction-responsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.

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Optimizing COF crystallinity for high-resolution GC separation

Chu Zeng, Han Yang, Ming Xu, Zhi-Yuan Gu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110064

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This research explores the influence of crystallinity on gas chromatographic (GC) separation using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as stationary phases. Three COF materials (CTF-DCBs) with varying crystallinity were synthesized and characterized. CTF-DCB-1, with superior crystallinity, demonstrated high-selectivity GC separation of benzene isomers as well as styrene/phenylacetylene mixtures, while CTF-DCB-2 and CTF-DCB-3 exhibited lower crystallinity and worse separation performance. Thermodynamic and kinetic tests showed that CTF-DCB-1 had the worst thermodynamic adsorption but low diffusion mass transfer resistance, which resulted in the best separation. Therefore, optimizing the crystallinity of COFs is necessary for balancing the kinetic diffusion and thermodynamic interactions towards the analytes, achieving high-performance GC stationary phases.

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Regulation of cancer cell apoptosis with DNA nanocalculator

Yongjian Jiang, Feng Cheng, Jun Zhou, Lei Zhan, Chunmei Li, Chengzhi Huang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110071

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Regulation of apoptosis represents a key parameter in all living organisms. In this paper, an input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator is designed to regulate cancer cell apoptosis by programmatically combining and connecting logic gate modules with different functions. Via rational design of the various logic gate modules of the nanocalculator, different apoptosis related operations including cancer cell targeting, apoptosis induction, and apoptosis monitoring could be performed. Importantly, each of these logic gate modules could independently perform apoptosis related YES logic operations when ran separately. After combining each YES logic gate module into a logic circuit and connecting it to the GO scaffold to construct a logic-gated nanocalculator, the input-induced logic-gated modular nanocalculator could selectively enter cancer cells and control the drug release to logically apoptosis (output), by performing AND logic gate operations when inputs (nucleolin and H⁺) were included at the same time. Moreover, evidence suggests that these efficient logical calculations proceed in cancer cell apoptosis regulation without the general limiations of lithography in nanotechnology. As such, this work provides a new vision for the construction of a logic-gated modular nanocalculator with logical calculation proficiency potentially useful in cancer therapy and the regulation of life.

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Facile and scale-up synthesis of cyano-functionalized covalent organic frameworks for selective gold recovery

Bo Li, Yuanzhe Cheng, Xuyang Ma, Dongxu Zhao, Yang Zhang, Yongxing Sun, Jia Chen, Li Wu, Liang Zhao, Hongdeng Qiu, Yujian He

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111134

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The recovery of gold from waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) has gained great attention with the increased number of WEEE, because it can largely alleviate the pressure on the environment and resources. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal adsorbents for gold recovery owing to their large surface area, good stability, easily functionalized ability, periodic structures, and definitive nanopores. Herein, a cyano-functionalized COF (COF-CN) with high crystallinity was large-scale prepared under mild conditions for the recovery of gold. The introduction of cyano groups enable COF-CN to exhibit excellent gold recovery performance, which possesses fast adsorption kinetics, high cycling stability, and adsorption capacity up to 663.67 mg/g. Excitingly, COF-CN showed extremely high selectivity for gold ions, even in the presence of various competing cations and anions. The COF-CN maintained excellent selectivity and removal efficiency in gold recovery experiments from WEEE. The facile synthesis of COF-CN and its outstanding selectivity in actual samples make it an attractive opportunity for practical gold recovery.

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Preparation of a homochiral metal-organic cage and its bonded silicas for efficient enantioseparation in high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography

Jun-Hui Zhang, Rui-Xue Liang, Bin Huang, Li-Qin Yu, Juan Chen, Bang-Jin Wang, Sheng-Ming Xie, Li-Ming Yuan

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111146

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Developing a chiral material as versatile and universal chiral stationary phase (CSP) for chiral separation in diverse chromatographic techniques simultaneously is of great significance. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that a chiral metal-organic cage (MOC), [Zn₆M₄], as a universal chiral recognition material for both multi-mode high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary gas chromatography (GC) enantioseparation. Two novel HPLC CSPs with different bonding arms (CSP-A with a cationic imidazolium bonding arm and CSP-B with an alkyl chain bonding arm) were prepared by clicking of functionalized chiral MOC [Zn₆M₄] onto thiolated silica via thiol-ene click chemistry. Meanwhile, a capillary GC column statically coated with the chiral MOC [Zn₆M₄] was also fabricated. The results showed that the chiral MOC exhibits excellent enantioselectivity not only in normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) and reversed phase (RP-HPLC) but also in GC, and various racemates were well separated, including alcohols, diols, esters, ketones, ethers, amines, and epoxides. Importantly, CSP-A and CSP-B are complementary to commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak AD-H columns in enantioseparation, which can separate some racemates that could not be or could not well be separated by the two widely used commercial columns, suggesting the great potential of the two prepared CSPs in enantioseparation. This work reveals that the chiral MOC is potential versatile chiral recognition materials for both HPLC and GC, and also paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOCs.

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A high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics method to illuminate the metabolic specificity and interconnection across mouse brain

Meng Yu, Yanhe Zhou, Guanlin Xiao, Xinyi Jiang, Xiangyi Wang, Tong Li, Jianpeng Huang, Jiamin Gao, Junwen Shi, Xiuli Gao, Zeper Abliz, Jiuming He

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111153

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The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks. However, due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain, characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging. Here, we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging. This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain, ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters. This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics. Using an integrated database, we annotated 259 metabolites, demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion. The distribution of metabolites, closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions, offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function. An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.

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A dual-crosslinking and thiol-yne “click reaction”-based tagging method for mouse liver RNA binding proteome enrichment and identification by mass spectrometry

Tong Liu, Youdong Xu, Yajie Jiao, Jinguo Zhao, Bin Fu, Xianyu Li, Hongjun Yang, Weijie Qin

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111154

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RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a crucial class of proteins that interact with RNA and play a key role in various biological process. Deficiencies or abnormalities of RBPs are closely linked to the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases, making RBPs potential therapeutic targets. However, the limited tissue penetration of 254 nm UV irradiation makes it difficult to efficiently crosslink weak and dynamic RNA-protein interactions in mammal tissues. Additionally, RNA degradation in metal catalyzed click reaction further hinders the enrichment of RNA-protein complexes (RPCs). Due to these inherent limitations, globally profiling the RNA binding proteome in mammal organs has long been a challenge. Herein, we proposed a novel method, which utilized a dual crosslinking with formaldehyde and 254 nm UV irradiation, metabolic labeling and metal-free thiol-yne click reaction to enable large-scale enrichment and identification of RBPs in mouse liver, called FTYc_UV. In this method, formaldehyde is first used to crosslink the crude RNA-protein complexes (cRPCs) in situ to address the problem of poor tissue penetration of 254 nm UV irradiation. Furthermore, this method integrates metabolic labeling with a metal-free thiol-yne click reaction to achieve non-destructive RNA tagging. After specifically RNA-RBPs crosslinking by 254 nm UV irradiation in tissue lysates, formaldehyde decrosslinking is employed to remove non-specific proteins, leading to effective enrichment of RPCs from mouse liver and thereby overcoming the poor specificity of formaldehyde crosslinking. Application of FTYc_UV in mouse liver successfully identified over 1600 RBPs covering approximately 75 % of previously reported RBPs. Furthermore, 420 candidate RBPs, including 151 metabolic enzymes, were also obtained, demonstrating the sensitivity of FTYc_UV and the potential of this method for in-depth exploration of RNA-protein interactions in biological and clinical research.

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A PAM-free and universal CRISPR-Cas12a activation model for ultra-sensitive DNA methylation detection

Hao Hu, Zhengxin Ye, Lei Zhang, Kejun Dong, Bei Yan, Longjie Li, Wei Zhang, Xianjin Xiao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111184

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DNA methylation is an important promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Therefore, the assessment of DNA methylation levels is helpful for the prognosis and diagnosis of cancer. However, it is still a huge challenge to sensitively and accurately quantify the levels of DNA methylation in clinical sample. In this work, we proposed a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-free mediated CRISPR-Cas12a ultra-sensitive and quantitative DNA methylation detection method. Through recognizing the dsDNA with toehold region, CRISPR-Cas12a not only got rid of the limitation of PAM, but also improved its distinction ability for single CpG site methylation, nearly 5-fold that of conventional PAM-containing dsDNA. We further introduced assist-strand and design an artificial mismatch to greatly improve the ability to distinguish single CpG methylation site. Our results showed that the discrimination factor was >200. Then, we constructed toe-dsDNA by using “heating and freezing”, which made our method universally applicable and feasible. In addition, we greatly simplified the difficulty of primer design. Our method detected four highly methylated genes acyl carrier protein (ACP), CLV3/ESR-related (CLE), Disabled (DAB) and Homeobox (HOX) with a detection limit of 0.01 % and excellent linearity in DNA methylation standards. Then, we verified the clinical utility of this method in 29 hepatocellular carcinomas, 11 ovarian cancers and 4 health people. In conclusion, we have successfully constructed a PAM-free CRISPR-Cas12a DNA methylation quantification method, which achieves high congruence in sensitivity, specificity and universality, fully demonstrating its significant clinical application value.

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Green and mild synthesis of Ca-MOF/COF functionalized silica microspheres in an acid-base tunable deep eutectic solvent for multi-mode chromatography

Yuanfei Liu, Wanjiao Wei, Xu Liu, Rui Hua, Yanjuan Liu, Yuefei Zhang, Wei Chen, Sheng Tang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111186

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Metal organic framework (MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase, while covalent organic framework (COF) assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability. It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO₂, and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance. However, the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis. In this study, a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO₂ stationary phase. Firstly, COF@SiO₂ was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent (DES). Secondly, another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO₂. Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies, a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal (calcium) based MOF was employed in this study. PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES, which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF. The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF. The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO₂ can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes. The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO₂ is green and mild, especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites, which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.

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Unconventional application of a fluorescent probe for MS-based detection of multiple sulfur species in ferroptosis

Mengyu Cao, Yiyan Yin, Jingyi Qin, Jin Ouyang, Na Na

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111260

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Ferroptosis has exhibited great potential in therapies and intracellular reducing agents of sulfur species (RSSs) in the thiol-dependent redox systems are crucial in ferroptosis. This makes the simultaneous detection of multiple RSSs significant for evaluating ferroptosis therapy. However, the traditional techniques, including fluorescent (FL) imaging and electrospray ionization-based mass spectrometry (MS) detection, cannot achieve the discrimination of different RSSs. Herein, simultaneous MS detection of multiple RSSs, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), was obtained upon enhancing ionization efficiency by a fluorescent probe (NBD-O-1). Based on the interaction between NBD-O-1 and RSSs, the complex of RSSs with a fragment of NBD-O-1 can be generated, which can be easily ionized for MS detection in the negative mode. Therefore, the intracellular RSSs can be well detected upon the incubation of HeLa cells with the probe of NBD-O-1, exhibiting the total RSS levels by the FL imaging and further providing expression of each RSS by enhanced MS detection. Furthermore, the RSSs during ferroptosis in HeLa cells have been evaluated using the present strategy, demonstrating the potential for ferroptosis examinations. This work has made an unconventional application of a fluorescent probe to enhance the detection of multiple RSSs by MS, providing significant molecular information for addressing the ferroptosis mechanism.

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Electron transfer chemistry triggered by silicon-doped carbon catalysts derived from natural minerals for the degradation of organic pollutants

Wan-Yin Gao, Xiao-Qiang Cao, Li-Fei Hou, Hao-Yun Lu, Zhao-Jing Zhu, Wen-Jia Kong, Yang Zhang, Yi-Zhen Zhang, Ya-Nan Shang, Xing Xu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111095

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In this study, we meticulously designed a layered carbon-based catalytic material to induce the degradation of a series of organic pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the PMS-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Results indicated that the silicon and oxygen elements from the montmorillonite were incorporated into the catalyst matrix to form the Si-O-C structure. It was notable that the layered carbonaceous material with Si-O-C structure exhibited an outstanding catalytic effect on the synthesized layered catalytic material array, achieving over 90 % removal rate of most pollutants within 60 min. It was notable that the layered carbonaceous material with Si-O-C structure exhibited an outstanding catalytic effect on the synthesized layered catalytic material array. The salt bridge system confirmed that pollutants can provide electrons to the Si-O-C/PMS system, and we verified that the electron transfer process (ETP) mechanism was the main pathway for the degradation of pollutants in the Si-O-C/PMS system via the open-circuit potential analysis. In combination with the structural properties of different pollutants, we discovered that electron-donating pollutants can supply more electrons to the Si-O-C/PMS system, thereby enhancing the ETP process. The findings of this study are anticipated to advance the development and practical application of layered carbonaceous materials-based catalysts and support the design and implementation of nanoconfined catalysts in the field of AOPs.

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Bi-Bi₂Ti₂O₇ ohmic junction: Dual electron channels driving efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

Pengkun Li, Runjie Wu, Shuai Gao, Zeping Qin, Mingming Sun, Changzheng Wang, Wenming Sun, Qiang Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111116

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Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia, helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network. Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination, but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi₂Ti₂O₇ (BTO), ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction. A Bi-Bi₂Ti₂O₇ (B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors. Compared to pure BTO, the B-BTO heterojunction, driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO, significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^-1 h^-1, making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlore-based catalysts to date. The differential charge density calculations, photocurrent (i-t) measurements, and photoluminescence (PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes. This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.

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CoOOH@COFs S-scheme heterojunction for efficient triclosan degradation in photocatalytic-peroxymonosulfate activation system: Enhanced interfacial electron transfer mechanism

Lu Zhang, Baohua Wang, Wei Yang, Lunan Ju, Zihan Fu, Lei Zhao, Yunqi Jiang, Hongyan Wang, Xiansheng Wang, Cong Lyu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111142

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Triclosan (TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects. Therefore, developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed. Herein, cobalt oxyhydroxide @covalent organic frameworks (CoOOH@COFs) S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized, which combined the visible-light-driven photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to synergistically generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROSs) for TCS degradation. The degradation efficiency of TCS reached 100 % within 8 min in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system, and the reaction rate constant was 0.456 min^-1, which was nearly 1.90 and 2.85 times that of single CoOOH and COFs, and 2.36 times that under dark condition, respectively. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the energy band bending of CoOOH@COFs and S-scheme charge transport from COFs to CoOOH. Both experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that CoOOH@COFs in photocatalytic-PMS activation systems synergistically facilitated photo-generated carrier separation, enhanced interfacial electron transfer, accelerated PMS activation, and generated multiple ROSs. In particular, photogenerated electrons (e^-) accelerated the Co(III)/Co(II) redox cycle, while the PMS captured the e^-, which significantly decreased the charge combination of CoOOH@COFs. Radicals (O₂^·-, ^·OH, and SO₄^·-) and non-radicals (such as ¹O₂, h⁺, and e^-) were both presented in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system, with O₂^- playing a dominant role in TCS degradation. Furthermore, the pathway of TCS degradation and toxicity of intermediates were explored by DFT calculation and transformation product identification. Importantly, the environmentally friendly CoOOH@COFs S-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent stability and reusability. In conclusion, this study innovatively designed an S-scheme heterojunction in the photocatalytic-PMS activation system, providing guidance and theoretical support for efficient and eco-friendly wastewater treatment.

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Asymmetric coupling of atop-type and hollow-type adsorbed *CO to boost electrocatalytic CO₂-to-C₂ conversion on high-index Cu₂O crystal planes

Wei Peng, Yao Shen, Xiaolin Yu, Chenghang Zheng, Xiao Zhang, Jingkai Zhao, Jiexu Ye, Shihan Zhang, Xiang Gao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111187

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Cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO₂ into value-added C₂ products. The efficiency of CO₂-to-C₂ conversion is highly dependent on the Cu₂O crystal plane orientation and the corresponding adsorbed *CO species. Herein, we constructed high-index crystal planes (311) in Cu₂O (CO-Cu₂O) via a facile self-selective CO-induced strategy under a CO atmosphere, which was verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results. By exploiting the high surface energy of the high index crystal planes, *CO species are stabilized in CO-Cu₂O during CO₂RR, resulting in exceptional catalytic performance for CO₂-to-C₂ products. In situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that both atop-type (*CO_atop) and hollow-type (*CO_hollow) adsorption of *CO species occurred on the CO-Cu₂O. The asymmetric C-C coupling energy barrier between *CO_atop and *CO_hollow in (311) crystal plane decreases by 47.8 % compared to the symmetric coupling of *CO_atop in conventional (100) crystal planes. Consequently, the Faradaic efficiency of C₂ products generated with CO-Cu₂O was increased by as high as 100 % compared to that with pristine Cu₂O.

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A magnetically recyclable CoFe₂O₄/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic degradation of diuron: Performance, durability and mechanism exploration

Guie Li, Chunyan Yang, Qiu Yang, Qingzhu Zheng, Menghan Li, Jianhua Qu, Guangshan Zhang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111207

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The excessive use of pesticides has exacerbated environmental pollution due to herbicide residues, while their persistent toxicity poses serious challenges to global ecological security. A magnetically recyclable CoFe₂O₄/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunctions was prepared by microwave-assisted co-precipitation method for photocatalytic degradation of Diuron (DUR) in water. The formation of S-scheme heterojunction enhances electron transfer and charge separation, which was demonstrated by free radical trapping, electrochemical experiments, and DFT calculations. The magnetic CoFe₂O₄/BiOBr catalysts can achieve 99.9 % removal of diuron in 50 min under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the system maintains stable performance across a broad pH range (3-9), enabling adaptation to diverse water environments, effective elimination of multiple pollutants, and strong resistance to ionic interference. Using magnetic recovery, CoFe₂O₄/BiOBr exhibits a high removal rate of 99 % and a markedly low ion leaching rate (<20 μg/L) after six cycles photocatalytic process, confirming its excellent stability and durability. According to HPLC-QTOF-MS and DFT calculation, the main ways of DUR degradation include dechlorinated hydroxylation, dealkylation and hydroxylation of aromatic ring and side chain. Toxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of the intermediates generated during degradation was generally lower than that of DUR. The magnetic CoFe₂O₄/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction developed in this study exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance, high applicability, good stability, and durability, providing an effective magnetic for the removal of refractory pollutants.

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Tailoring morphology and performance of polyamide nanofiltration membrane via nanobubble dissolution regulation

Yaning Tian, Zhiwei Qiu, Ruobin Dai, Zhiwei Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111251

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Nanofiltration (NF) technology, with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity, holds significant promise in diverse applications. However, the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of NF membranes is intrinsically constrained by the morphology and structure of the polyamide (PA) selective layer. This issue arises because NF membranes typically exhibit relatively smooth nodular structures, which theoretically impede efficient water transport. In this study, we enhanced the formation of nanobubbles by synergistically regulating with surfactant and low temperatures, resulting in the fabrication of PA NF membranes with a crumpled morphology. We observed that lower temperatures promote enhanced gas solubility in the aqueous phase, facilitating increased nanobubble formation through the foaming effect of surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). Consequently, this resulted in the creation of PA NF membranes with more crumpled structures and superior performance, with pure water permeance reaching 36.25 ± 0.42 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1, representing an improvement of 14.47 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1 compared to the control group. Additionally, it maintains a high Na₂SO₄ rejection rate of 97.00 % ± 0.58 %. The PA NF membranes produced by eliminating nanobubbles and free interfaces exhibited a smooth structure, whereas introducing nanobubbles (through NaHCO₃ addition, N₂ pressurization, and ultrasonication) resulted in the formation of crumpled membranes. This emphasized that the large amount of nanobubbles generated by SDBS and low temperature in the interfacial process played a critical role in shaping crumpled PA NF membranes and enhancing membrane performance. This approach has the potential to provide valuable insights into customizing the structural design of TFC PA NF membranes, contributing to further advancements in this field.

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Straightforward and versatile construction of phenanthroline-derived diamide ligands for f-block element extraction

Dong Fang, Xiaofan Yang, Fengxin Gao, Chengliang Xiao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111252

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As an important class of phenanthroline derivatives containing soft N and hard O donor atoms, the laborious syntheses of unsymmetrical 1,10-phenanthroline-derived diamide ligands (DAPhen) have hindered its extensive study. In this work, we first report a convenient synthetic method for the construction of DAPhen using Friedländer reaction by two facile steps (vs. previous 12 steps). A variety of DAPhen ligands are readily available, especially unsymmetrical ones, which give us a platform to systematically study the substituent effect on f-block elements extraction performance. The performance of unsymmetrical extractants is experimentally confirmed to falls between that of their corresponding symmetrical extractants by extracting UO₂²⁺ as the representative f-block element. This work provides a direct and versatile method to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical DAPhen, which paves way for the investigations on their coordination properties with metal ions and other applications.

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Single atoms anchored on zirconium-organic cage for efficient carbon dioxide photoreduction

Jingting He, Man Dong, Yang Zhao, Jianxia Gu, Chunyi Sun, Dongxu Cui, Xiaohui Yao, Fanfei Meng, Chunjing Tao, Xinlong Wang, Zhongmin Su

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111253

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Integration of single-atom catalysts (SACs) onto metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with porous channels has garnered significant interest in the field of CO₂ reduction. However, MOFs are usually bulky can impede the diffusion of intermediates with substrates and maximizing catalytic site utilization remains a challenge. In this study, we utilized firstly the post-synthetic single-atom chelation sites on zirconium-based metal-organic cages (Zr-MOCs) to anchor cobalt (Co) atom to synthesize single-dispersible ZrT-1-NH₂-IS-Co molecular cages for CO₂ photoreduction. Experimental results demonstrate that ZrT-1-NH₂-IS-Co exhibits impressive catalytic performance, achieving syngas yields of up to 30.9 mmol g^-1 h^-1, ranking among the highest values of reported crystalline porous catalysts. Mechanistic insights reveal the newly introduced metal serving as the catalytic site and *COOH acts as a crucial intermediate in the CO₂ reduction process. Furthermore, the successful synthesis of ZrT-1-NH₂-IS-Ni and ZrT-1-NH₂-IS-Mn show the universality of the modification strategies, with their CO₂ catalytic activity surpassing that of ZrT-1-NH₂.

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Regulating the proton supply effect on chlorine-doped bismuth for enhanced electroreduction CO₂ to formate

Xiao Li, Chaoqiong Fang, Riming Hu, Jiayuan Yu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111307

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Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) into valuable formate provides a strategy for carbon neutrality. Bismuth (Bi) catalysts, attributed to their appropriate energy barrier of OCHO* intermediate, have demonstrated substantial potential for the advancement of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to formate. However, due to the weak bonding of protons (H*) of Bi, the available protonate of CO₂ on Bi is insufficient, which limits the formation of OCHO*. Prediction by theoretical calculation, chlorine doping can effectively promote the dissociation of H₂O and thus achieve effective proton supply. We prepare chlorine-doped Bi (Cl-Bi) via an electrochemical conversion strategy for electroreduction of CO₂. An obvious improvement of faradaic efficiency (FE) of formate (96.7% at -0.95 V vs. RHE) can be achieved on Cl-Bi, higher than that of Bi (89.4%). Meanwhile, Cl-Bi has the highest formate production rate of 275 μmol h^-1 cm^-2 at -0.95 V vs. RHE, which is 1.2 times higher than that of Bi (224 μmol h^-1 cm^-2). In situ characterizations and kinetic analysis reveal that chlorine doping promotes the activation of H₂O and supply sufficient protons to promote the protonation of CO₂ to OCHO*, which is consistent with theoretical calculation. The study presents an effective strategy for rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts to promote green chemical production.

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Highly efficient methane-to-low alcohols conversion via ZnO based photocatalysis in aqueous medium

Jiadong Li, Yanduo Liu, Yang Qu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111741

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The photocatalytic oxidation of methane (CH₄) to valuable chemicals like low alcohols (CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH) represents a significant technological advancement with implications for energy conversion and environmental purification. A major challenge in this field is the chemical inertness of methane and the strong oxidizing nature of photogenerated holes, which can lead to over-oxidation and reduced selectivity and efficiency. To address these issues, we have developed a sodium-doped zinc oxide (Na-ZnO) modified with cobalt oxide (CoO) catalyst. This catalyst has demonstrated excellent performance in converting methane to low alcohols, achieving a yield of 130 μmol g^-1 h^-1 and a selectivity of up to 96 %. The doping of Na in ZnO significantly enhances methane adsorption, while the surface-modified CoO effectively captures photogenerated holes, activates water molecules, and uses hydroxyl radicals to activate methane, thus controlling the dehydrogenation degree of methane and preventing the formation of over-oxidized products. This strategy has successfully improved the efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic methane oxidation to low alcohols, offering a new perspective for the application of photocatalytic technology in energy and environmental fields.

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Facile method for creating frustrated Lewis pairs in g-C₃N₄ to enhance photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance

Lanxin Wang, Kaiwei Liang, Xuelian Yu, Guocheng Lv, Libing Liao

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110572

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The rate-limited activation of NN triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation. Here, polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C₃N₄ (CN). The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen (N₂) fixation by carbon nitride.

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A MOF derived multi-phase FeNi₃-S catalyst for efficient hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride

Linxin Zheng, Shuai Li, Liuting Zhang, Tao Zhong, Xiuzhen Wang, Ting Bian, Petr Senin, Ying Wu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110414

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Magnesium hydride (MgH₂) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material, while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi₃-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH₂. Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi₃-S into MgH₂ significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption. The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH₂ + 10 wt% FeNi₃-S composite was 202 ℃, which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH₂. At 325 ℃, the MgH₂ + 10 wt% FeNi₃-S composite released 6.57 wt% H₂ (fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s. Remarkably, MgH₂ + 10 wt% FeNi₃-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H₂ within 30 min at 100 ℃. Moreover, 6.3 wt% H₂ was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃, demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH₂ + 10 wt% FeNi₃-S composite. The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi₃-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH₂ (E_a = 98.6 kJ/mol and 43.3 kJ/mol, respectively). Through phase and microstructural analysis, it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg₂Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH₂/Mg₂NiH₄ + Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg₂Ni/Mg₂NiH₄ served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/MgS served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”, thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules. In conclusion, this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH₂, which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.

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The construction of InVO₄/BiVO₄ heterojunction via cation-exchange for efficient and highly selective CO₂ photoreduction to methanol

Cheng-Cheng Jiao, Guang-Xing Dong, Ke Su, You-Xiang Feng, Min Zhang, Tong-Bu Lu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110752

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Converting CO₂ into methanol (CH₃OH), a high-value-added liquid-phase product, through efficient and highly selective photocatalysis remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a straightforward cation exchange strategy for the in-situ growth of BiVO₄ on an InVO₄ substrate to generate a Z-scheme heterojunction of InVO₄/BiVO₄. This in-situ partial transformation approach endows the InVO₄/BiVO₄ heterojunction with a tightly connected interface, resulting in a significant improvement in charge separation efficiency between InVO₄ and BiVO₄. Moreover, the construction of the heterojunction reduces the formation energy barrier of the *COOH intermediate during the photoreduction of CO₂ and increases the desorption energy barrier of the *CO intermediate, facilitating the deep reduction of *CO. Consequently, the InVO₄/BiVO₄ heterojunction is capable of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to CH₃OH with high efficiency and selectivity. Under conditions where water serves as the electron source and a light intensity of 100 mW/cm², the yield of CH₃OH reaches 130.5 μmol g^-1 h^-1 with a selectivity of 92 %, outperforming photocatalysts reported under similar conditions.

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Phosphorus modification-induced dense crystalline-amorphous heterostructured P-Sn₆O₄(OH)₄@RGO for high-rate and ultra-stable lithium storage

Zhen Kong, Chaoyang Sun, Mingyuan Pang, Wei Liu, Haohao Zhang, Min Yang, Jiajia Ye, Juan An, Yijie Wang, Yen Leng Pak, Xing Gao, Jibin Song

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111082

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The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application. The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly important for improving its electrochemical performance. Herein, phosphorus-modified graphene encapsulated Sn₆O₄(OH)₄ nanoparticles composite (P-Sn₆O₄(OH)₄@RGO) with crystalline-amorphous heterostructure has been successfully designed and prepared. The design of crystalline-amorphous structure has largely enhanced the active sites, and the construction of a graphene encapsulation structure has greatly alleviated volume expansion. Notably, P-Sn₆O₄(OH)₄@RGO obtained an excellent high-rate long-term cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries anode, reaching a high specific capacity of 970 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g after 1450 cycles. This work demonstrates that restructuring the electrode material's structure and phase through phosphorus modification can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of tin-based electrode materials.

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New functional metal-organic framework (MOF) based optical thermometer by the post-synthesis doping rare earth ions into MOF

Ying Zhao, Yin-Hang Chai, Meng-Meng Zhai, Qin-Ying Jin, Xiaoyan Lu, Yi-Dan Qiao, Lu-Fang Ma

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111085

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Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions (Ln) into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer. Nevertheless, the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope. In this work, a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3',5,5'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid (H₄L) and Zn²⁺ ion under solvothermal conditions. Interestingly, a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^-1 was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450. Subsequently, two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs (Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy. Among them, the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^-1. In addition, the continuously visible red, pink, and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed, suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer. Importantly, this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.

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Shell-independent superhalogen formation in aluminum-based clusters via boron Lewis acid ligands functionalization

Jun Li, Shi-Hu Du, Yao Zhang, Jia Liu, Jing Chen, Shi-Bo Cheng

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111177

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The Jellium closed-shell model, a cornerstone of cluster science, has long guided the design of superatoms by dictating electron-counting rules. However, its reliance on precise control of cluster composition and electron shell occupancy presents significant experimental challenges. Here, we introduce a ligation strategy that circumvents these limitations by demonstrating that the adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) of aluminum-based clusters, whether with filled or partially filled electron shells, can be dramatically enhanced through the attachment of organic Lewis acid ligands. It was evidenced that the AEA of PAl₁₂ can be significantly increased by 2.17 eV after the ligation of two ligands, indicating a remarkable improvement in its electron-accepting ability. This approach yields superhalogen species, offering a versatile and practical means to tune the electronic properties of clusters while preserving their superatomic states, independent of shell occupancy. Remarkably, this ligand-induced modulation is not confined to naked clusters but also extends to nano-confined systems, hinting at its broader applicability. Given the indispensable role of ligands in cluster synthesis, this strategy holds promise for advancing the field of condensed-phase superatom synthesis, potentially complementing traditional electron-counting rules in a broader range of applications.

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Beyond superhalogen assembly: Field-driven hyperhalogen design via dual-external-field cooperativity

Ao-Hua Wang, Jun Li, Shi-Hu Du, Jia Liu, Yao Zhang, Muhammad Bilal Ahmed Siddique, Jing Chen, Shi-Bo Cheng

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111265

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Traditional strategies for designing hyperhalogens, superatoms with exceptional electron-withdrawing capacity, rely on complex superhalogen assembly, posing significant experimental challenges. Here, we introduce a non-invasive dual external field (DEF) approach combining solvent effects and an oriented external electric field (OEEF) to construct hyperhalogens, as demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our DEF strategy proves versatile, successfully designing hyperhalogens not only in simplified Ag_n^- model systems but also in the experimentally synthesized Ag₂₅ nanocluster. Using the 3D Ag₁₉^- structure as a model, we further reveal the DEF’s pivotal role in O₂ activation, where solvent-OEEF synergy induces tunable O-O bond elongation and charge transfer, proportional to field strength. Our findings establish a field-driven paradigm for hyperhalogen design that preserves native cluster composition, providing a theoretical foundation for tailoring high-performance catalysts through precise active-site modulation.

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Ru-modified NiO electrocatalysts for HER: Lower energy barriers and prolonged stability

Li Luo, Xiaohong Cheng, Qi Wu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111308

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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a key process in electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production, yet it is often limited by sluggish H*-OH adsorption and H* binding kinetics. We obtained Ru-modified NiO nanoparticles (Ru-NiO/NF) with enhanced HER properties by substituting ruthenium (Ru) for Ni atoms in the NiO (200) crystalline facets on nickel foam by a one-step electrodeposition technique. This novel catalyst exhibits a significantly reduced H*-OH adsorption energy and improved kinetics, with an overpotential of only 60 mV at 10 mA/cm² and a Tafel slope of 26.19 mV/dec. The Ru-NiO/NF maintains its activity for over 115 h, outperforming NiO/NF by reducing the overpotential by 177 mV. DFT calculations confirm that the addition of Ru to NiO enhances the HER kinetics by modifying the electronic structure, optimizing the surface chemistry, stabilizing the intermediates, lowering the energy barriers, and facilitating efficient charge transfer through a robust three-dimensional structure, resulting in a change in the rate-limiting step and a significant reduction in the Gibbs free energy. This study presents a highly efficient HER catalyst and offers insights into designing advanced NiO-based electrocatalysts by reducing reaction energy barriers.

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Synergistic triple-site engineering in ABX₃-type hybrid halides for high-performance nonlinear optical crystals

Yuwei Kang, Can Yang, Jun Zhang, Qi Wu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111385

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Achieving non-centrosymmetric (NCS) configurations in ABX₃-type hybrid halides remains a critical challenge for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to the conflicting requirements of high second-harmonic generation (SHG) response, wide bandgap, and phase-matching capabilities. Herein, we propose a triple-site modulation strategy by synergistically tailoring the A-site cations (2-methylimidazole cation/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole cation), B-site metals (Sn²⁺/Pb²⁺), and X-site halogens (Cl/Br), which effectively disrupts lattice symmetry and enables NCS crystallization. Our results demonstrate a strong SHG response, an expanded optical bandgap and increased birefringence. The optimized compound C₆H₁₁N₂PbCl₃ exhibits a moderately strong SHG efficiency of 3.8 × KDP, a wide bandgap (3.87 eV), and enhanced birefringence (0.139@1064 nm), surpassing majority hybrid NLO materials. The innovative anionic framework introduced here broadens the scope of hybrid NLO crystals, facilitating the integration of various aromatic heterocyclic cations. This research provides a robust strategic framework for the development of advanced NLO materials.

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Magnetic field enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution of CoFe₂O₄ with tunable oxygen vacancy concentrations

Xiangyang Zou, Ping Guo, Yuanyuan Zhang, Feng Gao, Ping Xu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111659

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Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the correlation among catalyst structure, magnetic property, and magnetic field enhanced-electrochemical activity remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, single-domain CoFe₂O₄ catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancies (CFO-V_O) were synthesized to probe how V_O mediates magnetism and OER activity under magnetic field. The introduction of V_O can simultaneously modulate saturation magnetization (M_s) and coercivity (H_c), where the increased M_s dominates the magnetic field-enhanced OER activity. Under a 14,000 G magnetic field, the optimized CFO-V_O exhibits up to 16.1 % reduction in overpotential and 365 % enhancement in magnetocurrent (MC). Electrochemical analyses and post-OER characterization reveal that the magnetic field synergistically improves OER kinetics through lattice distortion induction, magnetohydrodynamic effect, and spin charge transfer effect. Importantly, the magnetic field promotes additional Co³⁺ generation to compensate for charge imbalance caused by V_O filling, maintaining dynamic equilibrium of V_O and effective reactant adsorption-conversion processes. This work unveils the synergistic mechanism of V_O and magnetic parameters for enhancing OER performance under the magnetic field, providing new insights into the design of high-efficiency spin-regulated OER catalysts.

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Tuning oriented mesocrystalline assembly of NiCo₂O₄ via substrate interface engineering for enhanced lithium storage stability

Jingjie Liu, Qilin Zhong, Yue Cao, Junhao Wang, Li Yang, Jichao Wang, Huijuan Han, Chen Li, Li Qu, Guangri Xu, Fujun Liu, Peng Yang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111660

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Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion (Li⁺) kinetics of spinel NiCo₂O₄ anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising potential in balancing structural stability and enhancing reaction kinetics. However, their controlled synthesis mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, a substrate interface engineering strategy is developed to achieve controllable synthesis of mesocrystalline and polycrystalline NiCo₂O₄ nanorods. Remarkably, mesocrystalline NiCo₂O₄ exhibits a high capacity retention rate of 85.7% after 500 cycles at 2 A/g, attributed to its porous structure facilitating Li⁺ transport kinetics and unique stress-buffering effect validated by ex-situ TEM. Theoretical calculations and interfacial chemical analysis reveal that substrate-crystal surface engineering regulates the nucleation-growth pathways: Acid-treated nickel foam enables epitaxial growth via lattice matching, acting as a low-interfacial-energy template to reduce nucleation barriers and promote low-temperature oriented crystallization. In contrast, carbon cloth requires high-temperature thermal activation to overcome surface diffusion barriers induced by elevated interfacial energy. This substrate-driven crystallization kinetic modulation overcomes the limitations of random nucleation in conventional hydrothermal synthesis. The established substrate-crystal interfacial interaction model not only clarifies the kinetic essence of crystal orientation regulation but also provides a universal theoretical framework for lattice-matching design and mesostructural optimization of advanced electrode materials.

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One-step synthesis of trimetallic PdCuNi porous nanoflowers for enhanced alcohol oxidation

Xinyu Gu, Jun Yu, Huiyu Sun, Nannan Zhang, Zhengying Wu, Yukou Du

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111756

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The three-dimensional (3D) Pd-based nanoflower structures, assembled from two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, are characterized by their stable and ordered configurations. These structures have been extensively designed as anode materials for fuel cells. However, the exploration of trimetallic nanoflowers with porous architectures remains limited. In this study, we present a straightforward one-step solvothermal method for the synthesis of trimetallic PdCuNi porous nanoflowers (PNFs). Leveraging several unique advantages, such as an open superstructure, high porosity, and enhanced electronic interactions among the trimetals, the resulting PdCuNi PNFs demonstrate significantly improved electrochemical performance, with mass activities reaching 5.94 and 10.14 A/mg for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), respectively. Furthermore, the PdCuNi PNFs exhibit optimized d-band centers and the most negative onset oxidation potential, indicating enhanced antitoxicity and stability. This study not only provides a novel perspective on the synthesis of 3D porous nanomaterials but also highlights the potential application value of trimetallic nanoalloys in catalysis.

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Growth of Ce-doped NiCo-LDHs on tin dioxide-modified nickel foam as oxygen evolution reaction catalyst electrode

Zhongjie Song, Nannan Zhang, Jun Yu, Huiyu Sun, Zhengying Wu, Yukou Du

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111804

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Developing catalysts with excellent stability while significantly reducing the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for advancing overall water splitting (OWS) systems. In this study, we synthesized the electrode material Ce-NiCo-LDHs@SnO₂/NF through a two-step hydrothermal reaction, where Ce-doped NiCo-LDHs are grown on nickel foam modified by a SnO₂ layer. Ce doping adjusts the internal electronic distribution of NiCo-LDHs, while the introduction of the SnO₂ layer enhances electron transfer capability. Together, these factors contribute to the reduction of the OER energy barrier and experimental evidence confirms that the reaction proceeds via the lattice oxygen evolution mechanism (LOM). Consequently, Ce-NiCo-LDHs@SnO₂/NF exhibits high level electrochemical performance in OER, requiring only 234 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm², with a Tafel slope of just 27.39 mV/dec. When paired with Pt/C/NF, an external potential of only 1.54 V is needed to drive OWS to attain a current density amounting to 10 mA/cm². Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates stability for 100 h during the OWS stability test. This study underscores the feasibility of enhancing the OER performance through Ce doping and the introduction of a conductive SnO₂ layer.

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Ligand-bridged nanoassemblies boost the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoclusters

Jin-Ao Li, Nana Pan, Li Lu, Yifan Wei, Wenchang Hu, Zhiyang Zhang, Houda Amrani, Fang Huang, Xiaojuan Wang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111806

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Rational design of nanozymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency remains a central challenge in the development of artificial enzymes. Herein, we report the construction of ultrasmall gold nanocluster-based nanoassemblies (Dp-AuNCs@Fe²⁺) through the coordination of Fe²⁺ ions by a dopa-containing peptidomimetic ligand (DpCDp). This nanoarchitecture simultaneously integrates catalytically active gold cores and redox-active Fe²⁺ centers, bridged by DpCDp to facilitate directional electron transfer. Comprehensive spectroscopic and kinetic analyses reveal that DpCDp promotes efficient charge migration from the Au core to surface-bound Fe²⁺, significantly enhancing H₂O₂-mediated peroxidase-like activity. Compared to bare Dp-AuNCs, Dp-AuNCs@Fe²⁺ display a 4.3-fold improvement in detection sensitivity, a 6.7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency, and markedly stronger hydroxyl radical generation. Mechanistically, this activity stems from a synergistic triad: direct H₂O₂ oxidation at gold surfaces, radical generation at Fe²⁺ sites, and DpCDp-facilitated electron shuttling. This work presents a robust strategy for nanozyme enhancement via electronic and structural co-engineering, offering valuable insights for the future design of bioinspired catalytic systems.

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ZIF-8 confined carbon dots/bilirubin oxidase on microalgal cells to boost oxygen reduction reaction in photo-biocatalytic fuel cells for pollutants removal

Sili Qing, Xuanzhao Lu, Yujing Jiang, Charitha Thambiliyagodage, Bing Song, Ao Xia, Jian-Rong Zhang, Wenlei Zhu, Li-Ping Jiang, Xiaoge Wu, Jun-Jie Zhu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 110576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110576

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Photocatalytic fuel cells provide promising opportunities for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy conversion. However, their applications are challenged by the sluggish oxygen reducton reaction (ORR) kinetics at cathodes owning to the low O₂ solubility and diffusion rate. Herein, we proposed a photo-biocatalytic fuel cell (PBFC) with a novel hybrid biocathode based on artificially engineered algal cells coated by ZIF-8 confined carbon dots/bilirubin oxidase (ZIF-8/CDs/BOD@algae). Microalgae absorbed CO₂ and provided O₂ in situ for BOD catalysts. Due to effective absorption of O₂ by imidazole and confinement of hydrophobic porous ZIF-8, oxygen diffusion has been accelerated in MOF/enzyme systems. Importantly, the introduction of CDs alleviated the poor conductivity of ZIF-8 and improved the electron transfer rate of BOD. Thus, the biocathode exhibited a high current density of 1767 μA/cm², a 2.26-fold increase compared with that of CDs/BOD/algae biocathode. Also, it displayed enduring operational stability for up to 60 h since the firmly wrapped ZIF-8 shells could encapsulate proteins and protect algae from the external stimulation. When coupled with Mo:BiVO₄ photoanodes, the PBFC exhibited a remarkable power output of 131.8 μW/cm² using tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) as a fuel and an increased degradation rate of TCH. Therefore, this work not only establishs an effective confinement strategy for enzyme to enrich oxygen, but also unveils new possibilities for modified microalgal cells aiding photoelectrocatalytic systems to recover energy from wastewater treatment.

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Cation/anion synergy induced (100) plane dense deposition for dendrite-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Jialin Zheng, Fang Xu, Ao Wang, Zhenjiang Li, Mengqin Song, Chunyan Xu, Cheng Yun, Beinuo Zhang, Dai-Huo Liu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111415

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety. Nevertheless, the serious hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further development. Herein, potassium acetate (KAc) additive with cation/anion synergy effect is added into the ZnSO₄ electrolyte to effectively promote the oriented uniform Zn deposition and suppress side reactions. According to density functional theory calculation and experimental results, CH₃COO^- (Ac^-) anions are capable of forming stronger hydrogen bonds with H₂O molecules, leading to an expanded electrochemical stability window, reduced the reactivity of H₂O, and hence suppressing HER. Meanwhile, Ac^- anions can also preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, promoting dense deposition towards the (100) crystal plane. Besides, dissociated K⁺ ions serve as electrostatic shielding cations, which significantly promote uniform Zn deposition and prevent dendrite formation. Thus, the ZnZn symmetric cell demonstrates an impressive cycle lifespan of 3000 h at 1.0 mA/cm². Furthermore, the ZnMnO₂ full battery exhibits superior stability with a capacity retention of 86.95 % at 2.0 A/g after 4000 cycles. Therefore, the cation/anion synergy effect in KAc additive offers a viable solution to address HER and hinder dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes.

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Hemin with strong adsorption on zinc anode as a multi-functional interface layer for highly reversible Zn-ion batteries

Liang Wang, Weitao Li, Lei Zheng, Mengmin Jia, Dai-Huo Liu, Dongmei Dai, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Chunyu Ma, Bao Wang, Shengli Zhang, Li Su, Bao Li

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111458

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices. Nevertheless, side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application. In this study, hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions. Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode, thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte. Compared with zinc foil, the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance, a decrease in hydrogen evolution, and more orderly deposition of zinc. As expected, the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm², 0.2 mAh/cm². Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles. Moreover, the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH₄V₄O₁₀ delivers a superior capacity up to 367 mAh/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g. This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.

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Pd@PtNiCoRuIr core-shell high-entropy alloys mesoporous nanospheres for temporally decoupled ammonia splitting by a Zn-NH₃ battery

Cuiping Lin, Chenchen Wang, Shaoqi Li, Qi Shen, Xiaodong Yang, Zengsheng Guo, Haiming Feng, Cuncheng Li, Yiqing Sun, Lifeng Hang

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111826

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Conversion of ammonia into hydrogen, a crucial pathway for the hydrogen economy, is severely constrained by the intricacy of the required equipment and the low efficiency. Herein, Pd@PtNiCoRuIr core-shell mesoporous bifunctional electrocatalysts were fabricated via a one-step wet-chemical reduction approach. By utilizing the limiting effect of triblock copolymers, gradient distribution control of six metal elements (Pd core and Pt/Ni/Co/Ru/Ir high-entropy alloys shell) was achieved, where the high-entropy alloy shell forms high-density active sites through lattice distortion effect. With the help of lattice distortion and mesoporous-confinement-enabled interfacial coupling effects, Pd@PtNiCoRuIr catalyst exhibited exceptional bifunctional performance in alkaline media: A low hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential of 30.5 mV at 10 mA/cm² and a high ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) peak current density of 19.6 mA/cm² at 0.7 V vs. RHE, representing a 3.83-fold enhancement over commercial Pt/C. Moreover, a rechargeable Zn-NH₃ battery system was constructed and achieved 92.3 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) for NH₃-to-H₂ conversion with outstanding stability at 16 mA/cm², thereby providing an innovative solution for efficient ammonia decomposition-based hydrogen production.

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Efficient large-current conversion of CO₂ to C₂H₅OH via a *CO-*OCH₂ coupling pathway on alkanethiol-modified Cu₂O array electrode

Min Zhang, Weimin Wang, Jun Li, Xun Zhu, Qian Fu

中国化学快报. 2026, 37(01): 111926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111926

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Developing advanced electrocatalysts to convert CO₂ into liquid fuels such as C₂H₅OH is critical for utilizing intermittent renewable energy. The formation of C₂H₅OH, however, is generally less favored compared with the other hydrocarbon products from Cu-based electrocatalysts. In this work, an alkanethiol-modified Cu₂O nanowire array (OTT-Cu₂O) was constructed with asymmetric Cu sites consisting of paired Cu-O and Cu-S motifs to overcome previous limitations of C₂H₅OH electrosynthesis via CO₂RR pathway. This catalyst achieves a high Faradaic efficiency of 45 % for CO₂-to-C₂H₅OH conversion at 300 mA/cm², representing a more than two-fold enhancement over the Cu₂O electrode. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the Cu-S site exhibits distinct C-binding capability that stabilizes key intermediates (*OCH₂ and *CO), in contrast to the O-affinitive Cu-O site. The asymmetric S-Cu-O configuration promotes thermodynamically favorable asymmetric C-C coupling between *CO and *OCH₂, forming the critical CO-OCH₂ intermediate and facilitating C₂H₅OH production, as opposed to symmetric O-Cu-O sites that mainly generate HCOOH. This work offers an effective strategy for designing multi-active-site catalysts toward highly selective CO₂ reduction to C₂H₅OH and provides fundamental insight into the reaction mechanism.

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2026年, 第37卷, 第01期　刊出日期：2026-01-22

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2026年, 第37卷, 第01期　刊出日期：2026-01-22